Direct biliary drainage using ultraslim endoscopes has been developed for treating acute cholangitis. We present a case wherein direct biliary drainage with ultraslim endoscopy was successfully used in the setting of an occluded a partially covered self-expandable metallic stent (PC-SEMS) in a patient with unresectable cystic duct carcinoma and duodenal stenosis. A 72-year-old man presented wit...

who presented with obstructive jaundice due to a large (2.5 cm) stone in the common bile duct (CBD). We attempted mechanical lithotripsy but the stone was too big for the basket (●" Fig. 1). We decided to break the stone with electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) and carry out direct peroral cholangioscopy instead of motherbaby endoscopy. In our experience, the mother-baby endoscopic system has se...

Selective attention is an important filter for complex environments where distractions compete with signals. Attention increases both the gamma-band power of cortical local field potentials and the spike-field coherence within the receptive field of an attended object. However, the mechanisms by which gamma-band activity enhances, if at all, the encoding of input signals are not well understood...

The application of advanced multilevel techniques to the solution of the EHL line contact problem has resulted in a multilevel solver of complexity O[n In n). The reduction in computing time thus obtained enables the use of large numbers of nodes and allows detailed study of the pressure spike. Both occurrence and height of the spike as a function of the governing parameters were studied The pa...

Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and aperistalsis of the esophageal body. Treatment of achalasia is aimed at decreasing the resting pressure in the LES. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), derived from natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and advances in endoscopic submucosal dissection ...