Open source software (OSS) is essential for modern society and, while substantial research has been done on individual (typically central) projects, only a limited understanding of the periphery entire OSS ecosystem exists. For example, how are tens millions projects in interconnected through technical dependencies, code sharing, or knowledge flow? To answer such questions we: a) create very la...

We report the discovery of four new hot Jupiters with Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). NGTS-15b, NGTS-16b, NGTS-17b, and NGTS-18b are short-period ($P<5$d) planets orbiting G-type main sequence stars, radii masses between $1.10-1.30$ $R_J$ $0.41-0.76$ $M_J$. By considering host star luminosities planets' small orbital separations ($0.039-0.052$ AU), we find that all highly irradiated ther...

In their Letter, Tsiaras et al. reported the detection of water vapour in atmosphere K2-18 b, an exoplanet 7 to 10 Earth masses located habitable zone M-dwarf star. The is based on absorption feature seen at 1.4 $\mu$m observations transiting with Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3. We have simulated mean temperature structure and composition K2-18b using a radiative-convective equilibr...