The O-specific moieties of the O1B antigen (lipopolysaccharide) from Escherichia coli O1B:K1 and the O1C antigen from E. coli O1C:K- both consist of L-rhamnose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine in a molar ratio of 2:1:1:1. By using fragmentation procedures, methylation analysis, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the structures o...

We demonstrate a low phase noise all polarization-maintaining (PM) Er-fiber optical frequency comb (OFC) with noise, which is synchronized to the hydrogen maser clock (HMC) using 18th harmonic of repetition rate for tight locking. The instability locked carrier envelope offset 1.24 × 10 −18 @1 s, OFC −96 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset, and corresponding RMS timing jitter 62 fs (1 Hz–1 MHz). residual (20...

background: military personnel are usually exposed to high levels of impulse noise (in) which can lead to hearing loss. objectives: the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of relatively low level exposure of impulse noise (in) during shooting practice on hearing using pure tone audiometry (pta) and transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (teoae) in military personnel. materials and ...

During drowsy periods, performance on tasks requiring continuous attention becomes intermittent. Previously, we have reported that during drowsy periods of intermittent performance, 7 of 10 participants performing an auditory detection task exhibited episodes of non-responding lasting about 18 s (Makeig & Jung, 1996). Further, the time patterns of these episodes were repeated precisely in subse...

Correction for “mTORC1 activates SREBP-1c and uncouples lipogenesis from gluconeogenesis,” by Mathieu Laplante and David Sabatini, which appeared in issue 8, February 23, 2010, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (107:3281–3282; first published February 18, 2010; 10.1073/pnas.1000323107). The authors note that, on page 3281, left column, second paragraph, the fourth sentence is incorrect in part. “In add...

A total of 31 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (10 from outbreak cases and 7 from surface water) and non-O1 (4 from clinical and 10 from surface water sources) isolated between 1993 and 1997 were examined with respect to presence of cholera enterotoxin (CT) gene by PCR-based assays, resistance to antibiotics, plasmid profiles and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. All were resistant...

This study was designed to investigate whether administration of zinc sulphate could improve theresponse of mouse testis to degenerative effects of short term exposure heating. Fifty-four adult male Balb/Cmice were anaesthetized and the scrotums of 36 of them were immersed for 15 min in a waterbath at 43°C.Immediately after the heating, half of the heated animals (n = 18) were injected with sal...

To determine the pandemic potential of Vibrio cholerae, one must demonstrate both the presence of O1 antigen and the production of enterotoxin (CT). Tissue culture or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for CT have been limited to research and reference laboratories. A kit for detecting CT by reversed passive latex agglutination is now commercially available and was used to test 168 str...