Glasses in the system [M2O]1/3[(B2O3)x(P2O5)1–x]2/3(M = Li, K, Cs) (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) were prepared by standard melt-quenching procedures, and their physical properties were characterized by thermal analysis, density measurements, and impedance spectroscopy. Their atomic level structures were comprehensively characterized by Raman spectroscopy, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and by 11B...

Nuclear magnetic resonance of alkali elements is a very sensitive probe of the immediate chemical environment of an alkali ion in solutions and can be used to study ion-ion, ion-solvent and ionligand interactions. In particular, this technique has been used to determine contact ion pair formation constants, to compare solvating abilities of different solvents and to study the thermodynamics of ...

We review astrophysical, cosmological and terrestrial evidence for and against the constancy of fundamental parameters of particle physics, and discuss theoretical issues of unification and scalar-mediated forces, finding that the current rate of variation is bounded by limits on violations of the weak equivalence principle. Introduction. The constancy of the parameters of particle physics [1],...