BACKGROUND Physical activity declines as children approach puberty. Research has focussed on psychosocial, environmental, and demographic determinants. This paper explores how family and socioeconomic factors are related to children's physical activity. METHODS Seventeen focus groups were conducted with 113, 10-11 year old children from 11 primary schools in Bristol, UK. Focus groups examined...

introduction: population-based mortality statistics are derived from the information recorded on death certificates. this information is used for many important purposes, such as development of public health programs and allocation of health care resources. therefore, the accuracy of death certificate data is important. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of death certificates rec...

BACKGROUND Updated standards for meals sold through the USDA's National School Lunch Program took effect at the beginning of the 2012-2013 school year. The current study assessed the perceptions of school staff regarding student reactions to these changes in school lunches and how perceptions varied across schools. METHODS Mailback surveys were gathered from administrators and food service st...

This paper presents a survey of man-in-the-middle (MIM) attacks in communication networks and methods of protection against them. In real time communication, the attack can in many situations be discovered by the use of timing information. The most common attacks occur due to Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache poisoning, DNS spoofing, session hijacking, and SSL hijacking. Introduction Man-...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Limited data exist regarding the extent of the problem among Cyprus youth. We use the Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among middle and high school students as well as the social environment in which this is taking place. METHODS The survey was conducted b...

INTRODUCTION US legislation requires that schools offer free drinking water where meals are served. However, little information is available about what types of water delivery systems schools should install to meet such requirements. The study objective was to examine the efficacy and cost of 2 water delivery systems (water dispensers and bottleless water coolers) in increasing students' luncht...

School choice reforms, such as lottery and voucher programs, give talented students the choice to sort out of low-performing schools but often leave disadvantaged students behind. This study shows how a Chinese city was successful in helping its low-performing schools to catch up by encouraging talented students to sort into its low-performing schools. The city’s education bureau identified sev...

INTRODUCTION School physical education (PE) has been identified as a critical public health tool to increase physical activity among youths. We sought to objectively assess compliance with PE quantity mandates and quality recommendations in a large urban California school district. METHODS We collected PE schedules and systematically observed PE lessons (n=154) in 20 elementary, 4 middle, and...

Scholars have examined the effects of same-gender teachers on student achievement, but findings are mixed. In this study, we use 7 years administrative data from students in elementary and middle schools (i.e., Grades 3 through 8) Indiana to test links between gender matching achievement. We find that female better at increasing both male students’ achievement than their counterparts schools. T...