The aim of this study was to compare energy consumption in dairy farms with different sizes. Sources of energy include non renewable sources such as fossil fuel, and electricity and renewable sources such as forage, concentrate, machinery, labor, and water. The required data were collected from 42 dairy farms in Tehran province, Iran and were analyzed to assess energy consumption based on diffe...

This paper presents the findings of study on determining energy efficiency alfalfa seed production in first year life south Ukraine using various technologies, which is relevant for their adequate assessment conditions conservation non-renewable resources. The purpose was to determine most energy-efficient technology growing varieties seeds. Methods observation, comparison, and field experiment...

The purpose of this study is to reveal the energy usage and greenhouse gas emission in lavender production. has been conducted 2022 Center district Kırklareli province Turkey covers 2021-2022 production seasons. Agricultural inputs outputs were calculated calculate use emissions According research results, are 5883.39 MJ ha-1 (59.30%) farmyard manure energy, 2425.51 (24.45%) diesel fuel 732.02 ...

Tomato production under tunnel structures has shown promising returns in recent years Pakistan. However, the energy use and GHGs dynamics remain largely unknown for tomato controlled conditions. This study estimates budgeting GHG emission off-season (tunnel-farming) production. Study data were gathered from 70 growers through a simple random sampling technique. Energy efficiency, productivity, ...

objective: the aims of this study were to determine energy efficiency and co2 use pattern of grape production in zanjan province, iran by a non-parametric method of data envelopment analysis (dea). methods: initial data were collected using a face to face questionnaire from 42 orchards in abhar city of zanjan province which is one of the most important centers of grape production in iran. the d...

1.1 Topology Let us first recall some basic Euclidean topology. For x0 = (x0, y0, z0) ∈ R3 and r > 0 we define the open ball of radius r > 0 centered at x0 to be B(x0, r) = {x ∈ R | ‖x− x0‖ < r}. Recall that ‖x‖ = √ x2 + y2 + z2 is the Euclidean norm, or length, of the vector x. Definition 1 (Open set). We say a set D ⊂ R3 is open if for every x0 ∈ D, there exists a radius r > 0 such that B(x0,...