In the Loess Hilly Region of China, the widespread conversion of cropland to forestland and grassland has resulted in great increased in organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stocks in the shallow soil layers. However, knowledge regarding changes in C, N, and P in deep soil is still limited. To elucidate the responses of deep soil C, N, and P stocks and stoichiometry in response t...

PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy the collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithm for dose calculation in a radiation treatment planning system (TPS). METHODS We modeled various photon beams for various setup conditions in a radiation treatment planning system (CorePLANTM, Seoul C&J, Korea). The beam models were generated at various set-up conditions such as open beam o...

Most probable numbers (MPNs) of methanogens in various salt marsh and estuarine sediments were determined with an anaerobic, habitat-simulating culture medium with 80% H(2) plus 20% CO(2) as substrate. Average MPNs for the short Spartina (SS) marsh sediments of Sapelo Island, Ga., were maximal at the 5- to 7-cm depth (1.2 x 10/g of dry sediment). Populations decreased to approximately 880/g of ...

We have investigated the dependence of the measured optical density on the incident beam energy, field size and depth for a new type of film, Kodak extended dose range (Kodak EDR). Film measurements have been conducted over a range of field sizes (3 x 3 cm2 to 25 x 25 cm2) and depths (d(max) to 15 cm), for 6 MV and 15 MV photons within a solid water phantom, and the variation in sensitometric r...

Laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine the persistence and efficacy of termiticides used as preconstruction treatments against subterranean termites. Bifenthrin (0.067%), chlorpyrifos (0.75%), and imidacloprid (0.05%) ([AI]; wt:wt) were applied to soil beneath a monolithic concrete slab at their minimum labeled rates. Soil samples were taken from three depths (0-2.5, 2.6-7.6, ...

A decade of moored measurements from the Arctic Ocean’s northwestern Beaufort Gyre (collected as a component of the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project) are analyzed to examine the range of mesoscale eddies over the water column and the dynamical processes that set eddy vertical scales. A total of 58 eddies were identified in the moored record, all anticyclones with azimuthal velocities ranging f...

Choosing the appropriate management system is essential for sustainable agricultural practices. Yet, soil-specific properties at subsurface are seldom considered when choosing tillage system. This study assessed effect of depth on physical–hydraulic in three contrasting soil classes establishment perennial crops. Tillage practices were evaluated soils with natural dense layers (Inceptisols and ...

Four species of pteromalid parasitoids [Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders, Spalangia cameroniPerkins, Spalangia endiusWalker, Spalangia geminaBoucek, and the chalcididDirhinus himalayanus (Masi)] were evaluated for their ability to locate house ßy pupae at various depths in poultry manure (41% moisture), ßy rearing medium (43% moisture), and sandy soil (4% moisture) from a dairy farm. Searc...

The conversion of tropical peatlands to oil palm plantations has affected the long-term storage stability water and carbon. requires a drainage system that results in land subsidence and, turn, reduces carrying capacity carbon stocks. This study aims analyze from observations (2004-2020) obtain an appropriate management measure for three scenarios depths at Jambi Province. It is found reduction...