Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) biomass was evaluated for biochemical conversion into ethanol using dilute-acid and ammonia pretreatments. The two alfalfa lines compared were a reduced S-lignin transgenic cultivar generated through down regulation of the caffeic acid O-methyltransferase gene and a wild-type control. Both were harvested at two maturities. All the samples had similar carbohydrate co...

Monoaryloxide-pyrrolide (MAP) olefin metathesis catalysts of molybdenum that contain a chiral bitetralin-based aryloxide ligand are efficient for ethenolysis of methyl oleate, cyclooctene, and cyclopentene. Ethenolysis of 5000 equiv of methyl oleate produced 1-decene (1D) and methyl-9-decenoate (M9D) with a selectivity of >99%, yields up to 95%, and a TON (turnover number) of 4750 in 15 h. Tung...

A tension spring assembly is a key part supporting the undercarriage track of an excavator. This paper introduces reliability evaluation procedures to ensure durability assembly. Force data were obtained from field driving test, yielding equivalent load acting on part. After establishing testing code for zero failure accelerated life test (ZFAT), was carried out under axial loading. sample sati...

Carex divisa is a patrimonial rhizomatous species and acts as an important component of grazed wet permanent grassland on the French Atlantic coast. This study treated three storage regimes (wet-cold, dry-cold and dry-warm), burial in soil, fluctuating temperature and salinity on seed germination of C. divisa. The seeds were dormant at maturity. No seed germinated after 2 and 6 weeks of dry sto...

A new feed additive, salinomycin, was fed to 70 finishing steers (initial weight of 772lb) and 70 finishing heifers (initial weight of 4951b) for 139 and 145 days, respectively. Salinomycin was fed at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g per ton of a ground corn based diet. Averaged across salinomycin levels, gain was increased 2.6 percent and efficiency of feed use was improved by 7.8 percent. Feed intake w...

Biomass pyrolysis is a promising approach for producing economic and environmentally friendly fuels bioproducts. experiments show that feedstock properties have significant impact on product yields composition. Scientists are developing detailed chemical reaction mechanisms to capture the relationships between biomass composition yields. These can be computationally intensive. In this study, we...

in order to study of variation and relationships between yield and quality traits, 14 domestic populations of bitter vetch (vicia ervilia) were collected from different parts of lorestan province and sown in two separate experiments under irrigated and dry land farming system using randomized complete block design with three replications in khorramabad, iran during 2005 and 2006. data were coll...