It has been proposed that the absence of photosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardii produces a relative arsenate resistance and that selection for arsenate resistance therefore serves as an enrichment for nonphotosynthetic mutants (Togasaki and Hudock 1972; Harris, Boynton and Gillham 1974). We have found that: 1. mutants selected for arsenate resistance are not substantially enriched for aceta...

River Mandovi and Zuari (west coast of India) are flowing through iron and manganese mining areas and are heavily used for iron and manganese ore transport. This region generates 25-30 million tons of mining rejects per year. The iron ore of Mandovi-Zuari catchments area has approximately 50.04 μg/g of arsenic and partial dissolution of the mining rejects could enrich the dissolved arsenic in e...

BACKGROUND: Silicon is a suitable solution to alleviate salinity stress and improve crop production. OBJECTIVES: Investigation physiological and biochemical traits of Single Cross 704 corn affected foliar application of silicon (from a Sodium silicate source) under salinity stress. METHODS: This research was carried out according sp...

Microbes detoxify arsenate by reduction and efflux of arsenite. Plants have a high capacity to reduce arsenate, but arsenic efflux has not been reported. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and rice (Oryza sativa) were grown hydroponically and supplied with 10 microm arsenate or arsenite, with or without phosphate, for 1-3 d. The chemical species of As in nutrient solutions, roots and xylem sap we...

An intestinal preparation from the common eel (Anguilla anguilla) was characterized for both mucosal to serosal and serosal to mucosal transport of water, alanine, sodium and chloride. The preparation showed a net outflux of water and a net influx of alanine, and no net fluxes of sodium or chloride. The influxes of all four substances and the outflux of water were inhibited by ouabain, while th...

This dissertation explores the biogeochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and environmental impact of dissimilatory arsenate reducing bacteria. A new species, Desulfotomaculum auripigmentum strain OREX-4, was found to precipitate amorphous arsenic trisulfide (AS2S3)both intraand extracellularly. Intracellular precipitation of AS2S3nucleates precipitation in the bulk milieu, and results fro...

Phosphate is the main hindrance for the removal of arsenic from the arsenic contaminated waste water. Therefore, phosphate removal from contaminated water has become imperative for the successful removal of arsenic. In the present study, an attempt was made to remove phosphate from the waste water by Acinetobacter sp. in the presence and absence of arsenate. When phosphate (25 ppm) containing s...

Crane and Lipmann (1) have shown that arsenate uncouples oxidative phosphorylation in intact rat liver mitochondria, and that this effect can be reversed by phosphate. They postulated that arsenate competes with phosphate at the site of phosphate uptake. It has also been observed that arsenate can stimulate the respiration of intact mitochondria (1) and of submitochondrial particles’ in the abs...

Plasmids in both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus contain an "operon" that confers resistance to arsenate, arsenite, and antimony(III) salts. The systems were always inducible. All three salts, arsenate, arsenite, and antimony(III), were inducers. Mutants and a cloned deoxyribonucleic acid fragment from plasmid pI258 in S. aureus have lost arsenate resistance but retained resistances ...