Purpose: To evaluate a template-based approach to correct B1 field inhomogeneity in brain MRI using B1 maps from other subjects to reduce the acquisition time. Introduction: Accurate estimation of T1 maps is increasingly important for some clinical applications. Low noise, high resolution, fast and accurate T1 maps from MRI images of the brain can be performed using a dual flip angle method [1]...

Activation of cyclin B1-cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1), triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2, is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. In metaphase, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-dependent destruction of cyclin B1 inactivates Cdk1 again, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. Several models describe Cdk1 activation kinetics in mitosis, but experimental data on...

Transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), a multifunctional cytokine with fibrogenic properties, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the vascular and target organ complications of hypertension. TGF-b1 may also regulate blood pressure via stimulation of endothelin-1 and/or renin secretion. Herein we explored the hypothesis that circulating levels of TGF-b1 protein (quantified using a TGF-b1...

UT-B1 is the facilitated urea transporter of red blood cells (RBCs) and endothelial cells of descending vasa recta in the kidney. Immunoblotting with a polyclonal antibody against the C-ter sequence of rat UT-B1 revealed UT-B1 as both nonglycosylated (29 kDa) and N-glycosylated (47.5 and 33 kDa) proteins in RBC membranes, kidney medulla, brain, and bladder in rat. In testis, UT-B1 was expressed...

B1 elements are an abundant class of short interspersed elements (SINEs) in the mouse genome and mobilize by a process known as retrotransposition. Here, we report the characterization of a mutagenic B1 insertion into exon 4 of the Atcay gene, which was previously shown to be responsible for the jittery mouse. Mutations in the human ortholog of this gene, ATCAY, are responsible for Cayman ataxi...

We examined the expression of ephrin-B1 and its cognate receptor EphB2, key regulators of angiogenesis and embryogenesis, in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and analyzed their functional roles in cell migration. From 10 patients (9 males and 1 female; age, 68.5 ± 2.4) who underwent vascular surgery for AAA, we obtained AAA and adjacent control tissues. Using real-time RT-PCR, we analyzed ...

Definition 3. Let B be a ring. Then, we denote by B [[t]] the ring of formal power series over B in the indeterminate t, where t is supposed to commute with every element of B. Formally, this means that we define B [[t]] as the ring of all sequences (b0, b1, b2, ...) ∈ BN (where N means the set {0, 1, 2, ...}), with addition defined by (b0, b1, b2, ...) + (b ′ 0, b ′ 1, b ′ 2, ...) = (b0 + b ′ ...

Introduction: It has been shown that the B1 inhomogeneities in high field systems (e.g.7T) can severely compromise image quality. B1 inhomogeneities are still significant at 3T, but generally do not destroy the ability to image. However, the variations in flip angle (and hence contrast) across the field of excitation can still cause significant problems, particularly with applications where abs...

τ∗ = inf { t∗ ≤ t ≤ T | b1(t) ≤ S t −B t ≤ b2(t) } where t∗ ∈ [0, T ) and the functions t 7→ b1(t) and t 7→ b2(t) are continuous on [t∗, T ] with b1(T )=0 and b2(T )=1/2μ . If μ > 0 then b1 is decreasing and b2 is increasing on [t∗, T ] with b1(t∗) = b2(t∗) when t∗ 6= 0 . Using local time-space calculus we derive a coupled system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind and s...