the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between teachers’ immediacy behaviors and iranian students’ willingness to talk in english classes. analysis of the results from willingness to talk scale represents a relatively high level of willingness to talk in english classrooms among iranian language learners. the total mean score of students’ willingness to talk was 66.3 ou...

Aims: Today, the prevalence of tobacco smoking among students is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the factors related with tobacco smoking among students using extended theory of planned behavior. Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 360 students of Universities of Malayer city who were selected by stra...

within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

this study sought to examine the effect of cooperative game on iranian students achievements in english alphabet learning. cooperative games are games, in which players or teams work together towards a common goal without defeating someone. the methodology used in this study was experimental. the population of the study was 60 female students from the grade one in secondary school in tabriz, ir...

Introduction: The optimal level of women's capability can empower them to make decision independently in main issues of their health. This study aimed to identify determinants of health care empowerment based on Theory of Planned Behavior among married women in reproductive age of southern Tehran.  Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 488 married women in reproductive ages which ...

this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of prelistening activities on enhancing iranian efl learners` listening comprehension. the present study investigated ways in which learners` background knowledge could be activated in order to enhance their l2 listening comprehension by limiting the number of possible text interpretations prior to listening. the experiments conducted in this stud...

Sustainable agriculture depends on the use of eco-friendly technologies by farmers.This research was conducted to identify and evaluate farmers' intent to use pheromone traps for controlling rice pests in paddy farms of Simorgh County, Mazandaran Province. Methodologically, this research was carried out using a questionnaire-based survey. The statistical population of this rese...

testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...