Effectiveness in sociotechnical systems often depends on coordination among multiple agents (including both humans and autonomous technologies). This means that autonomous technologies must be designed to function as collaborative systems, or team players. In many complex work domains, success is beyond the capabilities of humans unaided by technologies. However, at the same time, human capabil...

IMPORTANCE Graduate medical education training may imprint young physicians with skills and experiences, but few studies have evaluated imprinting on physician spending patterns. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between spending patterns in the region of a physician's graduate medical education training and subsequent mean Medicare spending per beneficiary. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICI...

In our study we analysed 3.889 records which were indexed in the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) database in the research field of informetrics. We can show the core journals of the field via a Bradford (power law) distribution and corroborate on the basis of the restricted LISA data set that it was the appropriate time to found a new specialized journal dedicated to informetri...

A hallmark of the past decade has been the remarkable progress made in reducing maternal and child mortality, an achievement credited in some measure to the Millennium Development Goals. The reduction in child deaths from an estimated 12·7 million under-5 deaths in 1990 to fewer than 6 million deaths by 2015 is a remarkable achievement in global health. 1 The fact that this reduction is less th...

We report a method to determine propagation delays of optical 10 Gb/s data traveling through a 75 km long amplified fiber link with an uncertainty of 4 ps. The one-way propagation delay is determined by twoway exchange and cross correlation of short (< 1 ms) bursts of 10 Gb/s data, with a single-shot time resolution better than 2.5 ps. We thus achieve a novel optical communications link suited ...

Advanced tumors produce an excessive amount of transforming growth factor b (TGFb), which promotes tumor progression at late stages of malignancy. The purpose of this study was to develop anti-TGFb therapeutics for cancer. We synthesized a novel small-molecule TGFb receptor I kinase (activin receptor– like kinase 5) inhibitor termedN-[[4-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)-5-(6-methylpyridin-2...

We report on the recording of stabilized running holograms in photorefractive materials with arbitrarily selected phase shift φ between the transmitted and difracted beams propagating along the same direction behind the photorefractive crystal. The dependence of the diffraction efficiency and of the hologram speed on φ , in such stabilized holograms, can be easily measured and used for material...

We experimentally demonstrate polarization-insensitive all optical wavelength conversion of a 10-Gb/s DPSK data signal based on four-wave mixing in a silicon waveguide with an angled-pump scheme. Dispersion engineering is applied to the silicon waveguide to obtain similar four-wave mixing conversion performances for both the TE and TM modes. Bit-error rate measurements are performed and error-f...

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian semiparametric approach to account simultaneously for heterogeneity and functional flexibility in store salesmodels. To estimate ownand cross-price response flexibly, a Bayesian version of P-splines is used. Heterogeneity across stores is accommodated by embedding the semiparametric model into a hierarchical Bayesian framework that yields store-specific ownand...