228 March 2014, Vol. 104, No. 3 (Suppl 1) Rationale for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and rotavirus vaccine introduction into public immunisation programmes While progress has been made in preventing deaths due to some of the vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g. measles deaths reduced from 535 000 in 2000 to 139 000 by 2010), a greater proportion of vaccine-preventable deaths is now attributed t...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of road traffic injuries and deaths for all road users and among different road user groups in Africa. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, Google Scholar, websites of African road safety agencies and organizations for registry- and population-based studies and reports on road traffic injury and death estimates in Africa, published between 1980 ...

Acute diarrhoeal disease or gastroenteritis continues to be a significant clinical problem throughout the world. As a major cause of hospitalization and child deaths globally, the diarrhoeal diseases account for approximately one in six deaths among children younger than five years. In India about 334 000 annual deaths among children are attributable to diarrhoeal diseases (Parashar et al., 200...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is still amongst the most important causes of human morbidity and mortality, killing approximately two million people each year. Standard short-course chemotherapy (SSCC) can rapidly control illness and dramatically reduce the chance of death, but the impact of treatment has rarely been evaluated in these terms. METHOD We developed a mathematical model that makes ...

In September 2008, melamine contamination in milk and infant formulae raised global concerns about food safety in mainland China. The contamination resulted in an epidemic of renal calculi, especially among infants and children. According to a report from the Chinese Ministry of Health, 294 000 infants had been affected by the end of November 2008. More than 50 000 infants had been hospitalised...

Christopher Eden, MB BS, FRCS(Urol), MS, Consultant Urologist, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey; The Prostate Clinic, Old Basing, Hampshire Prostate cancer is the commonest malignancy occurring in men in the UK, with 35 000 new cases being diagnosed per year and 10 000 deaths each year, which roughly equates to one death every hour. High-risk prostate cancer (HRPC) is associated ...

US health status worsened dramatically under President Trump when compared with the other G7 countries, a major study from Lancet Commission1 has concluded. If had death rates equivalent to Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and UK, some 461?000 fewer Americans would have died in 2018, 40% of deaths during 2020 covid-19—around 188?000 people—would been averted, estimated. As 10 February, 2...

In the UK, there are ~20 000 deaths within 30 days of surgery every year, 9000 of which have a cardiac cause. The number of major cardiac complications is likely to be in the region of 150 000 per annum. As 60% of patients who die within 30 days of surgery suffer from coronary artery disease it is reasonable to assume that the majority of cardiac complications of anaesthesia and surgery results...

In 2006 the estimated age-adjusted annual incidence of breast cancer in the European Union (25 countries) was 110.3/100 000 and the mortality 25.0/100 000. The incidence is increasing due to mammographic screening and aging population. The mortality rate has decreased especially in younger age groups because of earlier detection and improved treatment. However, breast cancer is still the leadin...

Perspectives In December 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) released estimates of the burden of human disease attributable to consumption of food contaminated with 31 infectious agents or chemicals. 1 The report concluded that exposure to contaminated food worldwide in 2010 resulted in 600 million episodes of illness (95% uncertainty interval, UI: 420–960 million), 420 000 deaths (95% UI...