Airborne transmission of Pneumocystis carinii has been established, but the infective form and the sources of infection remain unknown. Animal models for studies of P. carinii have previously been limited to immunosuppressed rodents; however, this study was performed with nonimmunodepressed P. carinii-free rabbits. This study was aimed at determining (i) the delay between inoculation of animals...

D8/17, an alloantigen found on B lymphocytes, has been reported to be elevated in patients susceptible to rheumatic fever and may be associated with autoimmune types of neuropsychiatric disorders. The pediatric-autoimmune-neuropsychiatric-disorders-associated-with-streptococci model is a putative model of pathogenesis for a group of children whose symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and T...

D8/17, a B cell alloantigen, and its occurrence with DR/DQ antigens was examined in 54 patients with rheumatic heart disease and matched North Indian controls. Thirty-four patients (62.9%) carried D8/17 as compared with a frequency of 12.5% in controls (chi 2 by Yates', 18.75; p less than 0.0001). A marginally increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3 (44.2% vs. 28.8%) and a sign...

Growth in developing turbot larvae can be expressed independently of temperature when using effective day-degrees (D8 ) as an index of development. The calculation of D8 is based on the eff eff principle of thermal summation whereby the rate of development is linearly related to the ambient temperature above a species-specific threshold temperature (T ) at which development is 0 theoretically a...

A nonapeptide derived from the C terminus of the insulin B chain, H(2)N-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-Thr-Pro-Lys-Ala-COOH, was found to strongly inhibit dopamine (DA) uptake by rat dopamine transporter (DAT) stably expressed in CHO cells (designated D8 cells). The kinetic experiments on D8 cells gave a curve typical of competitive inhibition with an IC(50)=6.9 microM. This inhibitory effect was also con...

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Salinity and drought severely affect both plant growth and productivity, making the isolation and characterization of salinity- or drought-inducible promoters suitable for genetic improvement of crop resistance highly desirable. In this study, a 1468-bp sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG of the promoter for ZmGAPP (maize Type-II H+-pyrophosphatase gene) was cloned. Nine 5...

Optomotor studies have shown that three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are more sensitive to red during summer than winter, which may be related to the need to detect the red breeding colour of males. This study aimed to determine whether this change of red light sensitivity is specifically related to reproductive physiology. The mRNA levels of opsin genes were examined in the ret...

This study investigates the temporal and spatial interchange of the aromatic amino acid phenylalanine (Phe) between human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) and tachyzoites of the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Stable isotope labelling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is combined with Raman micro-spectroscopy to selectively monitor the incorpora...