There is an increasing demand for using high sensitive sensors which can detect very low levels of magnetic flux leakage from hidden defects or far-side wall loss due to pitting or local corrosion in ferromagnetic steels. This paper discusses the use of highly sensitive tiny GMR sensors for detection of sub-surface defects in carbon steel plates. Notches located at different depths below surfac...

We calculate the resistivity and Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) of a segmented nanowire consisting of two ferromagnetic segments separated by a thin paramagnetic spacer. The quantization of the electron motion due to the small nanowire cross-section is taken into account; s − d electron scattering gives rise to different mean free paths for spin-up and spin-down s-electrons. The calculated resis...

The strong coupling of optical resonators results in a mode splitting proportional to the strength, which can be achieved with metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) cavities that have similar thickness and refractive index. However, an active control is challenging. Here, alternative configuration MDM cavity coupled Guided-Mode-Resonator (GMR) explored. GMR grating fabricated on top cavity, such tuned b...

We have previously reported the transfer of gentamicin resistance (Gmr) plasmids in a mixed culture inter- and intraspecifically between strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated at Michael Reese Hospital (Jaffe et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 21:773-779, 1982). We have now shown that representatives of these plasmids were transferred between apparently nonl...

The granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor (GMR) transduces a signal that results in the proliferation, differentiation, and functional activation of hematopoietic cells. This study sought to determine whether functional isoforms of the receptor exist that may be important in generating this diversity of cellular response. We have isolated a cDNA encoding an isoform ...

Studies from diverse systems have shown that distinct interchromosomal interactions are a central component of nuclear organization. In some cases, these interactions allow an enhancer to act in trans, modulating the expression of a gene encoded on a separate chromosome held in close proximity. Despite recent advances in uncovering such phenomena, our understanding of how a regulatory element a...

We investigate the magnetoresistance (MR) of spin valves by (i) varying the strength of the field applied in a fixed direction and (ii) rotating the field with fixed strength. The latter data reflect in general a mixture of giant and anisotropic magnetoresistance (GMR and AMR). We present an experimental procedure to suppress the AMR contributions of all ferromagnetic layers in the spin valve w...

The giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of Fe=Crs=Vn=Fe sandwiches is investigated within the Kubo–Greenwood formalism, wherein the electronic and magnetic properties are obtained from the screened Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker method. The reduction of the GMR with increasing number of spacer layers becomes larger by replacing Cr with V. Furthermore, for n 1⁄4 2 the magnetic configuration of the spacer chan...