در دهه‌های اخیر چیدمان هندسی و عناصر ریخت‌شناسی شهرها به مثابۀ عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری شدت بخشیدن پدیدۀ جزیرۀ حرارتی بیش‌ازپیش شناخته پژوهش‌هایی خصوص یافتن تأثیرات شاخص‌های معرف این موضوعات مقیاس‌های فضایی مختلف پدیده انجام شده است، هرچند تأثیر مکانی‌ـ زمانی شاخص‌ها نیز مدلی برای تفسیر طبقه‌بندی آن‌ها تنها سالیان موضوع برخی از مطالعات بوده است. متأسفانه زمینۀ طرح‌شده شهرهای بزرگ مهم کشور کماکان ...

Abstract This paper presents an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed carbon manually made fibre-reinforced polymer (MMFRP) folded sheet for shear strengthening nine RC beams using near-surface mounted (NSM) method, in addition unstrengthened control beam. In laboratory, MMFRP sheets were manufactured. is by folding FRP into appropriate groove widths. Carbon with varying ...

This article investigates the reliability of three existing near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bond strength models including ACI 440.2R-17 model and two fracture mechanics-based models. Various load combinations reduction factors included in guidelines CSA S806-12(17) standard are considered. The uncertainty is evaluated using data gathered from 451 experimental specimen...

The use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) in civil construction applications with near-surface mounted (NSM) method has gained considerable popularity worldwide as suitable for strengthening existing concrete structures. However, there is very little experience the implementation methods able to give a reliable prediction about health this type structures even although sudden and brittle failur...

The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) for flexural strengthening concrete (RC) beams has become a popular technique. Significant amount work is available on the short-term behavior RC strengthened with near-surface mounted (NSM) However, their time-dependent behavior, specifically under high service temperature, not yet been addressed. This paper presents an experimental to evaluate NSM car...