Variations in the abundance of iron in the mantle may have important consequences for mantle dynamics and geochemistry. The abundance of iron in lavas derived from mantle source regions varies during partial melting and subsequent fractionation, so that source heterogeneities are not easily resolved in iron abundances alone. However, manganese is a geochemically similar element, so that the pla...

Radiogenic and noble gas isotopes have been integral for demonstrating the existence, source, age of (geo) chemical reservoirs in mantle, yet, volatile element composition Earth’s interior remains poorly characterized. Boron potential to constrain processes that generate distinct mantle reservoirs, as they fractionate strongly at surface Earth during subduction but are little perturbed high-tem...

Mesozoic extension and rifting processes of the Gondwana continent are critical for understanding opening formation Indian Ocean. Here, we report petrological, geochemical, zircon U–Pb age, Lu–Hf isotopic data mafic dikes in central Tethyan Himalaya to reveal timing mechanism eastern rifting. These rocks exhibit two groups terms TiO2 MgO contents (Group I with < 2.0 wt.%, whereas Group II > wt....

Abstract. With the continuous development of China ocean dynamic environment satellite series (Haiyang-2, HY-2), it is urgent to explore potential application HY-2B in Arctic sea ice thickness retrievals. In this study, we first derive radar freeboard and during two cycles (from October 2019 April 2020 from 2021) using altimeter compare results with Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) CryoSat-2 (CS-...

Sea-ice surface roughness (SIR) is a crucial parameter in climate and oceanographic studies, constraining momentum transfer between the atmosphere ocean, providing preconditioning for summer-melt pond extent, being related to ice age thickness. High-resolution estimates from airborne laser measurements are limited spatial temporal coverage while pan-Arctic satellite does not extend over multi-d...