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protonation of the reactive intermediate produced in the  reaction between trimethyl phosphite and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate or diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate by resorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone, 4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethy-lphenol, 4-hydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, or 8-hydroxyquinoline leads to vinylphosphonium salts, whi...

although the shelling and bombing against the residential areas have been prohibited in the international law, the iraqi regime used these tools frequently to advance its military and political strategy. these attacks were escalated after the kheibar operation. this article considers the definitions and concepts of the war of the cities and then studies the trend of this war during the iran-ira...

it is true, it is true,the arts of book book in ottoman times drew their initial inspiration from those of iran. in some of the associated specialities, for example in most qur’anic illumination and in the illustration of verse romances, they did not progress significantly beyond this heritage. the timurid zafarnama and perhaps the most ilkhanid chingiznama had chronicled military exploits in a...

nitrogen forms exert significant effects on physiological and morphological characteristics of plant. in this study, the effects of ammonium, nitrate, and ammonium-nitrate on pepper plants were investigated in soil culture, as well as in solution culture. in the soil culture, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (dmpp) was used as a standard nitrification inhibitor to guarantee the presence of ammon...

milk-based dairy desserts have important role in human diet because of their nutritional values. the aims of this study were to investigate the effect of hull-less barley malt flour and gelatin adding on different aspects of dairy dessert with the goal of increasing nutritional value and quality parameters. desserts were prepared by different gelatin concentration (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2%) and ...

the present study was designed to evaluate the drought tolerance of new sugar beet monogerm hybrids using polyethylene glycol 6000, under in vitro condition. the experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in sugar beet seed institute, karaj in 2013. 23 new sugar beet monogerm hybrids with two tolerant and normal controls wer...

purpose: aside from psychological suffering, mental disease can bring about a negative influence   on conscripts learning abilities and reduce effectiveness of military trainings. hence, identifying   at risk conscripts is of vital importance. this study aimed to investigate the mental health of   conscripts during a two-year period from 2011 to 2013 in a military base in guilan.   materials an...

abstract introduction: the mineral content of dentin increases with age and its primary structure is altered. these changes may have unknown effects on efficiency of adhesive systems. the aim of this study was to find the effect of aging on dentin bonding agents. methods and materials: fourty eight extracted human premolars were divided into 2 groups under 15 years old & 2 groups over 45 years ...