The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides loans to countries in economic crises as a lender of last resort. IMF loan approvals are tied policy reforms and quantitative targets that reflect the IMF’s crisis assessment. An extensive literature scrutinizes efficacy programs, instead, we examine accuracy assessments (nowcasts) predicate program designs. Analyzing an unprecedented 602 programs ...

We consider world-volume description of M2-branes ending on an M5-brane. The system can be described either as a solitonic solution of the M5-brane field equations or in terms of an effective string propagating in 6-dimensions. We show that the zeroth order scalar scattering amplitudes behave similarly in both pictures. The soliton solution appears to have a horizon-like throat region. Due to t...

BACKGROUND Significant challenges, including low expression and extracellular secretion of soluble protein, are encountered in expressing and purifying Bacillus acidopullulyticus pullulanase (BaPul) in Escherichia coli. METHODS An N-terminal domain truncation was adopted to facilitate BaPul variant expression and/or secretion. RESULTS BaPul possesses a complex modular architecture that cons...

The MvaI restriction endonuclease cuts 5'-CC↓AGG-3'/5'-CC↑TGG-3' sites as indicated by the arrows. N4-methylation of the inner cytosines (C(m4)CAGG/C(m4)CTGG) protects the site against MvaI cleavage. Here, we show that MvaI nicks the G-strand of the related sequence (CCGGG/CCCGG, BcnI site) if the inner cytosines are C5-methylated: C(m5)C↓GGG/CC(m5)CGG. At M.SssI-methylated SmaI sites, where tw...

Oligonucleotides targeting M5 muscarinic receptor mRNA were infused for 6 d into the ventral tegmental area of freely behaving rats trained to bar-press for lateral hypothalamic stimulation. The bar-pressing rate was determined at a range of frequencies each day to evaluate the effects of infusions on reward. M5 antisense oligonucleotide (oligo) infusions increased the frequency required for ba...

Four patients in whom a diagnosis of acute monocytic leukaemia (M5) was subsequently made presented with extramedullary disease clinically resembling lymphoma. In all patients histological sections were initially misinterpreted as showing malignant lymphoma or anaplastic carcinoma. The diagnosis of M5 leukaemia was subsequently made on the basis of morphological and cytochemical studies of peri...

The Bacillus subtilis RNase M5 complex, responsible for the terminal maturation of 5 S rRNA, includes two proteins. One of these proteins is ribosomal protein BL16 (equivalent to Escherichia coli EL18); the other, the alpha component, is required for catalysis. The RNase M5 alpha component has been purified in bulk extensively, and the active polypeptide (Mr approximately 24,000) identified fol...