The Problem: The ventral pathway of the primate cortex is thought to mediate object recognition. Within the early visual areas along the pathway, neurons tend to respond well to oriented bars or edges. Neurons in the intermediate visual areas are no longer tuned to the oriented bars only, but to other forms and shapes of intermediate complexity [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Finally in the high visual areas,...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the modified ashworth scale (mas) by using both the conventional (hmax/mmax ratio) and the new indicators (hslp/mslp) of motoneuron excitability. this research was a correlational study on twenty post-stroke patients. main outcome measures were the mas and electrophysiologic assessments. the latter was performed using both conventiona...

The H-reflex is dependently modulated during isometric and anisometric muscle actions. However, the manner of the H-reflex modulation during dynamic muscle movements in relation to ageing is less stated in the literature. This study was designed to investigate the effects of ageing on soleus (SOL) H-reflex modulation during dynamic muscle actions. Twenty young (24 ± 4 years of age) and 20 older...

Accurate information on both the current stock and future growth and yield of forest resources is critical for sustainable forest management. We demonstrate a novel approach to utilizing airborne laser scanning (ALS)-derived forest stand attributes to determine future growth and yield of six attributes at a sub-stand (25 m grid cell) level of detail: dominant height (HMAX), Lorey’s height (HL),...

Canopy height greatly affects the biomass stock, carbon dynamics, and maintenance of biodiversity in forests. Previous research reported that maximum forest canopy (Hmax) at global regional scales could be explained by variations water or energy availability, is, water- energy-related hypothesis. However, fundamental gaps remain our understanding how different drivers (i.e., energy) contribute ...

675 Theory of spatially periodic progressive (propagat ing with constant velocity without change of the amplitude) waves in two dimensional (2D) potential flow of an ideal incompressible fluid with free surface in gravitational field was founded in pioneering works by Stokes [1, 2] and developed further by Michell [3], Nekrasov [4, 5], and many others (see, e.g., book [6] by Sretenskii for revi...

This study compared fatigue development of the triceps surae induced by two electrical stimulation protocols composed of constant and variable frequency trains (CFTs, VFTs, 450 trains, 30 Hz, 167 ms ON, 500 ms OFF and 146 ms ON, 500 ms OFF respectively). For the VFTs protocol a doublet (100 Hz) was used at the beginning of each train. The intensity used evoked 30% of a maximal voluntary contrac...

Non-accidental properties (NAPs) correspond to image properties that are invariant to changes in viewpoint (e.g., straight vs. curved contours) and are distinguished from metric properties (MPs) that can change continuously with in-depth object rotation (e.g., aspect ratio, degree of curvature, etc.). Behavioral and electrophysiological studies of shape processing have demonstrated greater sens...