Evolutionary search algorithms (ESAs from now on) are iterative problem solvers developed with inspiration from neo-Darwinian survival of the fittest genes. This thesis looks at the core issues surrounding ESAs and is a step towards building a rational methodology for their effective use. Currently there is no such method of best practice rather the whole process of designing and using ESAs is ...

Compound orthogonal arrays (COAs) and single arrays are alternatives to the inner–outer arrays advocated by Taguchi for robust parameter design experiments. A criterion based on the wordtype pattern and strength of COAs is proposed to select optimal COAs. Single arrays are classified into prodigal single arrays (PSAs) and economical single arrays (ESAs) according to their relative estimation ca...

La razón por la que se le da un nombre a los conjuntos con una operación que verifica las 5 propiedades mencionadas, es que se observó que hay much́ısimos conjuntos que, junto con una operación, verifican esas propiedades (por ejemplo, con la suma, Q , R , C , R , R[X] , . . . ) y entonces, a fin de estudiar las consecuencias de esas propiedades, conviene hacerlo de una vez por todos en el caso ...

A early reports of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) having success correcting anemia in heart failure (HF), the Reduction of Events by Darbepoetin Alfa in Heart Failure (RED-HF) study, a large phase III trial, demonstrated that darbepoetin alfa was not able to improve clinical outcomes in patients with HF who had reduced ejection fraction and mild to moderate anemia, and indeed, it led ...

Anemia is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and is associated with poor prognosis. Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, confers increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Along with the altered iron metabolism in HF patients, inflammation creates challenges in the interpretation of laboratory parameters used to diagnose anemia in HF. Since the RED-HF trial failed to d...

Anemia develops in most persons with progressive chronic kidney disease. When it becomes severe, the administration of erythropoiesisstimulating agents (ESAs) is generally required, along with the repletion of iron stores and the correction of other causes of anemia. The introduction of ESAs 30 years ago markedly improved the lives of many patients with chronic kidney disease, who until then ha...