INTRODUCTION Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disorder characterised by degeneration of spinal cord anterior horn cells, leading to muscular atrophy. It is the second most frequent autosomal recessive disease among Caucasian populations with a prevalence of between 1 in 6000 and 1 in 10,000 live births, and a carrier frequency of about 1 in 50. The Internati...

To evaluate the distribution of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells in various liver diseases, we undertook an immunohistochemical study of liver diseases including chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholelithiasis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As a control, fetal livers (gestational age: 22-26 weeks) showed alpha-SMA positive ...

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation of the Survival Motor Neurons 1 (SMN1) gene and is characterized by degeneration of spinal motor neurons. The severity of SMA is primarily influenced by the copy number of the SMN2 gene. Additional modifier genes that lie outside the SMA locus exist and one gene that could modify SMA is the Zinc Finger Protein (ZPR1) gene. To test the signific...

Challenges in purification and subsequent functionalization of membrane proteins often complicate their biochemical and biophysical characterization. Purification of membrane proteins generally involves replacing the lipids surrounding the protein with detergent molecules, which can affect protein structure and function. Recently, it was shown that styrene-maleic acid copolymers (SMA) can disso...

PURPOSE Lens epithelial cells transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts during the formation of anterior subcapsular cataracts and secondary cataracts. One of the defining characteristics of myofibroblasts is the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). This study investigated some of the factors that influence alpha-SMA expression in lens epithelial cells. METHODS Bovine, rabbit, and ...

We examined mechanotranscriptional regulation of the contractile gene, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), in osteoblastic cells. Tensile forces were applied through collagen-coated magnetite beads to ROS17/2.8 cells. These cells were desmin-, vimentin+ and expressed low levels of SMA. After force application (480 piconewton/cell), SMA protein and mRNA were increased but beta-actin was unchanged. ...

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a genetic neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations or deletions in the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene that result in SMN deficiency. SMN deficiency impairs microtubule networks in Smn-deficient cells and in SMA-like motor neuron cultures. Microtubule defects can be restored by knockdown of the stathmin gene (Stmn), which is upregulated in SMA. Ho...

In this paper, a new shape memory alloy (SMA) hybrid basalt fibre reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite laminate was fabricated and a new surface modification method with both silane coupling agent KH550 and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles was conducted to enhance the interface performance. The mechanical performance of BFRP composite laminates with and without SMA fibres and the influence of SMA surface mod...

OBJECTIVE To determine the compensatory mechanisms involved in the recovery of motor function following surgical lesions of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and their relation to the clinical characteristics of recovery. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twelve patients were referred for surgery of low-grade gliomas located in the SMA, and compared to eight healthy controls using fMRI before and after s...

? Multiple Choice Questions Section The Neuroscience Journal introduces this new section on multiple choice questions as part of its commitment to continuous education and learning in Neurosciences. Experts in various neuroscience specialties are invited to participate with their knowledge and expertise in this section. Neurology, neurosurgery, and other board residents are encouraged to read t...