The F4 idiotype is a heavy chain determinant expressed almost exclusively on IgG immunoglobulins and is highly associated with specificity for double-stranded DNA. Since high-titered F4 expression is present predominantly in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we thought F4+ IgG antibodies might constitute a useful subset of immunoglobulins in which to investigate lupus-sp...

The macrophage-specific antigen F4/80 has been localized in mouse lymphoid and hematopoietic tissue and skin using immunoperoxidase staining. The antigen permits identification of early mononuclear phagocyte precursors in the bone marrow, and is present also on larger cells forming the center of hematopoietic islands and lining vascular sinuses. In thymus F4/80+ cells are numerous in both corte...

We introduce a class of formally self-dual additive codes over F4 as a natural analogue of binary formally self-dual codes, which is missing in the study of additive codes over F4. We define extremal formally self-dual additive codes over F4 and classify all such codes. Interestingly, we find exactly three formally self-dual additive (7, 27) odd codes over F4 with minimum distance d = 4, a bett...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are emerging as potential promoters of metastatic tumor growth, and there is interest in targeting immature MDSCs by inducing their differentiation into more mature myeloid cells. We used all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to differentiate MDSCs in mice bearing metastatic 4T1 or 4TO7 murine mammary tumors, and assessed the immune-suppressive mechanisms and p...

Mycoplasmas cause chronic respiratory diseases in animals and humans, and to date, development of vaccines have been problematic. Using a murine model of mycoplasma pneumonia, lymphocyte responses, specifically T cells, were shown to confer protection as well as promote immunopathology in mycoplasma disease. Because T cells play such a critical role, it is important to define the role of antige...

This study evaluated the effect of the probiotics Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii on the intestinal colonization of O149 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli harbouring the F4 (K88) fimbriae (ETEC F4) and on the expression of ileal cytokines in weaned pigs. At birth, different litters of pigs were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) control witho...