The generation of plasmin by plasminogen (Pg) activators (PAs) is a physiologic process in animals that dissolves blood clots and promotes wound healing, blood vessel growth, and the migration of normal and cancerous cells. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved PAs [e.g., streptokinase (SK) and staphylokinase] that exploit the Pg system to infect animals. Animal PAs have a conserved ability to cleav...

Sphingosine kinases (SKs) are promising new therapeutic targets for cancer because they regulate the balance between pro-apoptotic ceramides and mitogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate. The functions of the two SK isoenzymes, SK1 and SK2, are not redundant, with genetic ablation of SK2 having more pronounced anticancer effects than removal of SK1. Although several small molecule inhibitors of SKs hav...

To investigate how roots respond to directional cues, we characterized a T-DNA-tagged Arabidopsis mutant named sku5 in which the roots skewed and looped away from the normal downward direction of growth on inclined agar surfaces. sku5 roots and etiolated hypocotyls were slightly shorter than normal and exhibited a counterclockwise (left-handed) axial rotation bias. The surface-dependent skewing...

We present a new method for determining anisotropic earth models using observations of split shear waves (such as SKS). The method consists of first constructing two timeseries, x(t) and y(t), that contain information about both the observed seismograms and a hypothetical earth model, and then varying the earth model so as to minimize the misfit, e(t)=x(t)−y(t). The timeseries are defined by th...

[1] A hybrid method is developed for calculating synthetic seismograms for seismic waves propagating in two-dimensional localized heterogeneous anisotropic media. The hybrid method is a combination of analytic and numerical methods, with the numerical method (finite difference, or FD) applied in the heterogeneous anisotropic region only and the analytic method (generalized ray theory, or GRT) o...

Given a term rewriting system R and a normalizable term t, a redex is needed if in any reduction sequence of t to a normal form, this redex will be contracted. Roughly, R is sequential if there is an optimal reduction strategy in which only needed redexes are contracted. More generally, G. Huet and J.-J. L evy de ne in [9] the sequentiality of a predicate P on partially evaluated terms. We show...

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCC) are a common malignancy of keratinocytes that arise in sites of the skin exposed to excessive UV radiation. In the present study, we show that human SCC cell lines, preneoplastic solar keratoses (SK), and CSCC are associated with perturbations in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and peroxide levels. Specifically, we found that two of three SKs and ...

Abstract The emerging bottom blown copper smelting (SKS) technology has attracted growing interest since it came into production. To further reveal the agitation behavior inside bath and optimize variable parameters, CFD simulation was conducted on a scaled down SKS furnace model with different tuyere arrangements. Multi-Fluid VOF used for first time in simulated results show good agreement an ...