generally, developing countries are not able to invest enough on r&d; therefore, they try to get benefit from knowledge spillover, as an external r&d.; this paper tries to investigate the impact of r&d; expenditures and imported intermediate goods, as a proxy for technology imports, on value added of iranian industries. to that end, we use a panel data set of iranian two-digit isic manufacturin...

Oil price could have long-lasting effects on any oil-exporting economy due to its dependence oil revenue. This present research probes the role of Price (OP) 22 categories manufacturing industries Saudi Arabia and growth total during 1990-2018 in nonlinear settings. To serve purpose, we utilize unit root test cointegration Shin et al. (2014) based modified bound statistics Kripfganz Schneider (...

This paper provides an overview of the treatment of technological change in economic models of environmental policy. Numerous economic modeling studies have confirmed the sensitivity of midand long-run climate change mitigation cost and benefit projections to assumptions about technology costs. In general, technical progress is considered to be a noneconomic, exogenous variable in global climat...

This paper focusses on survey expectations and discusses their uses for testing and modeling of expectations. Alternative models of expectations formation are reviewed and the importance of allowing for heterogeneity of expectations is emphasized. A weak form of the rational expectations hypothesis which focusses on average expectations rather than individual expectations is advanced. Other mod...

The development of high frequency data bases allows for empirical investigations of a wide range of issues in the financial markets. In this paper, we set out some of the many important issues connected with the use, analysis, and application of high-frequency data sets. These include the effects of market structure on the availability and interpretation of the data, methodological issues such ...

In this paper we develop a dynamic discrete-time bivariate probit model, in which the conditions for Granger non-causality can be represented and tested. The conditions for simultaneous independence are also worked out. The model is extended in order to allow for covariates, representing individual as well as time heterogeneity. The proposed model can be estimated by Maximum Likelihood. Granger...

Viewpoint: Estimating the Causal Effects of Policies and Programs* Estimation, inference and interpretation of the causal effects of programs and policies have all advanced dramatically over the past 25 years. We highlight three particularly important intellectual trends: an improved appreciation of the substantive importance of heterogeneous responses and of their methodological implications, ...

In the absence of uniformly most powerful (UMP) tests or uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) tests, King (1987c) suggested the use of Point Optimal (PO) tests, which are most powerful at a chosen point under the alternative hypothesis. This paper surveys the literature and major developments on point optimal testing since 1987 and suggests some areas for future research. Topics include tes...

The study aims to measure the technical and intertemporal efficiency find primary source of productivity change on top three telecommunication firms in each country ASEAN-5 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Singapore) from 2010 2016. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) bootstrapping with 2000 iterations, DEA window, Malmquist index are applied calculate efficiency, change. estimation res...