O15 ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION R Sarvanandan, RA Lane, IC Chetter Academic Vascular Unit, Hull Royal Infirmary/Hull York Medical School Introduction Endothelial dysfunction is integral to the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent plaque progression. In coronary disease, there is an association between disease severity and arterial stiffness and endothelial dysf...

The Todaro Paradox Revisited The Todaro Paradox states that policies aimed at reducing urban unemployment are bound to backfire: they will raise rather than reduce urban unemployment. The aim of this paper is to reexamine this paradox in the context of efficiency wage and search-matching models. For that, we study a policy that consists in decreasing the urban unemployment benefit. In an effici...

Frontier Issues of the Political Economy of Migration Migration has a strong economic impact on the sending and host countries. Since individuals and groups do not benefit equally from migration, interest groups emerge to protect and take care of their narrow self-interests and compete for rents generated by migration. Narrow selfinterests may be present not only for interest groups but also fo...

In 2012, Brazilian public universities were mandated to use affirmative action policies for candidates from racial and income minorities. We show that the policy makes students’ status a strategic choice may reject high-achieving minority students while admitting low-achieving majority students. Empirical data shows evidence consistent with this type of unfairness in more than 49 percent progra...

I analyze how two reforms, introduced to expand college access in Brazil, impacted enrollments of low-SES students. The first policy centralized applications a nationwide platform (SISU), and the second expanded affirmative action quotas (AA) uniform share 50 percent vacancies offered by degree. Results show that SISU changes enrollment decisions high-SES students, crowding out groups from leas...

This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay for performance (P4P). At recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned “pay-for-percentile” or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed so that some teachers who applied contrac...

This paper measures excess labor supply in equilibrium. We induce hiring shocks—which employ 24 percent of the force external month-long jobs—in Indian local markets. In peak months, wages increase instantaneously and aggregate employment declines. lean consistent with severe rationing, are unchanged, positive spillovers on remaining workers, indicating that over a quarter is rationed. At least...

While privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) remains a popular policy tool in many countries, the impacts on workers are unclear. This paper studies case Brazil, which implemented large program 1990s. Following privatization, incumbent privatized SOEs suffer wage decline roughly 25 percent relative to matched control group. Additionally, private sector firms that connected by labor mob...