Critical to our understanding of the immune system diversity is the determination of the number of germ line V genes. The total number of V genes is given by the product: number of subgroups x number of germ line genes per subgroup. Studies of kappa chains and of embryonic DNA indicate 5-10 V genes per subgroup. Statistical analysis of the limited sequence data of mouse kappa chains suggest abo...

We have analyzed the structure of Ig kappa chain genes in B cell lines derived from a human individual who cannot synthesize any kappa chains, and whose Igs all contain lambda chains (1). We have characterized secondary DNA recombination events at two kappa alleles which have undergone misaligned V-J recombinations. One such secondary recombination has joined the flanking sequences of a V kappa...

The inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon is overexpressed in glioma and plays antiapoptotic role via activating nuclear factor-kappa B. microRNA-98 can suppress glioma, modulate the activities of nuclear factor-kappa B, and bind to the 3'-untranslated region of inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon messenger RNA. This study was aimed to investigate the modulation of inhibitor of kappa B kinase eps...

Abstract We study higher analogues of the classical independence number on $\omega $ . For $\kappa regular uncountable, we denote by $i(\kappa )$ minimal size a maximal -independent family. establish ZFC relations between and standard some cardinal characteristics, e.g., $\mathfrak {r}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {i}(\kappa {d}(\kappa measurable, assuming that $2^{\kappa }=\kappa ^{+}$ construct fam...

Assuming GCH $\mathsf {GCH}$ , we show that generalized eventually narrow sequences on a strongly inaccessible cardinal κ are preserved under one step iteration of the Hechler forcing for adding dominating κ-real. Moreover, if is unfoldable, 2 = + $2^\kappa =\kappa ^+$ and λ regular such < $\kappa ^+ \lambda$ then there set generic extension in which s ( ) b c $\mathfrak {s}(\kappa \kappa \math...

B-cell-specific expression of the immunoglobulin kappa light-chain (Ig kappa) gene is in part accomplished by negative regulatory influences. Here we describe a new negatively acting element (termed kappa NE) immediately upstream of the NF-kappa B-binding site in the Ig kappa intronic enhancer. The 27-bp kappa NE sequence is conserved in the corresponding positions in the rabbit and human Ig ka...