Biosurfactants (BS) are a structurally diverse group of surface-active substances produced by microorganisms. Interest in BS production has markedly increased during the past decade, although large-scale production has not been possible because of low production yields and high total costs. At present, BS have gained importance in environmental applications, while new applications in the pharma...

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of serum-derived immunoglobin (Ig) source and the effect of colostrum supplementation with serum-derived Ig on the attainment of passive immunity in newborn colostrum-deprived calves. In experiment 1, colostrum-deprived Holstein bull calves were fed pooled colostrum (PC, n = 9), spray-dried bovine serum (BS, n = 11), or spray- dried porci...

Burst suppression (BS) consists of bursts of high-voltage slow and sharp wave activity alternating with periods of background suppression in the electroencephalogram (EEG). When induced by deep anesthesia or encephalopathy, BS is bihemispheric and is often viewed as a non-epileptic phenomenon. In contrast, unihemispheric BS is rare and its clinical significance is poorly understood. We describe...

The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of implementing routine national calving ease (CE) genetic evaluations of Brown Swiss (BS) and Jersey (JE) sires that include records of crossbred calvings. Records were available for 11,793 BS calvings, 3431 BS-sired crosses, 65,293 JE calvings, and 7090 JE-sired crosses. Evaluations were performed for each breed using only purebred ca...

The role of protocol ultrasonography (US) in detecting biliary stricture (BS) after adult living donor liver transplantation (ALDLT) remains to be clarified. We reviewed 268 ALDLT cases with BS to assess the role of protocol US. The sensitivity and specificity of serum values of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G-GTP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as indicators of BS were evaluated and compared ...

Bone scan (BS) and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration are used to detect bone metastasis in malignancy, although whole-body fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is being used increasingly. But BS is still used for the detection of metastatic bone lesion. So we compared the usefulness of PET/CT, BS, and serum ALP in detecting bone metastases ...

Anthropometric quantities are widely used in epidemiologic research as possible confounders, risk factors, or outcomes. 3D laser-based body scans (BS) allow evaluation of dozens of quantities in short time with minimal physical contact between observers and probands. The aim of this study was to compare BS with classical manual anthropometric (CA) assessments with respect to feasibility, reliab...

Bartter syndrome (BS) is an autosomal recessively inherited rare renal tubular disorder characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronism with normal to low blood pressure due to a renal loss of sodium. Genetically, BS is classified into 5 subtypes according to the underlying genetic defects, and BS is clinically categorized into antenatal BS and classical B...

There is currently significant interest in engineering the two-celled C4 photosynthesis pathway into crops such as rice in order to increase yield. This will require alterations to the biochemistry of photosynthesis in both mesophyll (M) and bundle-sheath (BS) cells, but also alterations to leaf anatomy. For example, the BS of C4 species is enlarged compared with that in C3 species. Because cel...

The carbon nanomaterails having the brittle star-like morphology (bs-CNMs) could be synthesized using C2H2-SF6 gases under thermal chemical vapour deposition (TCVD) system. The micro-sized Ni grains were used as the catalyst for bs-CNMs on the Al2O3 substrate. The bs-CNMs could be obtained under the condition of the source gases flow rates at 100sccm for C2H2 and 50sccm for SF6. The bs-CNMs wer...