In this study we analyzed the influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the streamflow in 187 sub-basins of the Iberian Peninsula. Monthly and one-month lagged correlations were conducted to assess the spatiotemporal extent of the NAO influence on Iberian river discharges. Analysis of the persistence of the winter NAO throughout the year was also undertaken, together with analysis of...

The interaction of peanut agglutinin (PNA) with human thymocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and peripheral blood cells of various types of leukemia was investigated by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated PNA. The majority of human thymocytes (60-80%) bind the lectin. The major subpopulation of thymocytes that is PNA-positive was separated from the PNA-negative cells by differential ...

Application of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) in bioanalysis has been limited due to its nonspecific adsorption onto hydrophobic surface in spite of favorable properties such as higher chemical/biological stability, specificity and binding affinity towards target nucleic acids compared to natural nucleic acid probes. Herein, we employed BSA in PNA application to enhance the stability of PNA in hydr...

PNA is a promising molecule for antisense therapy of trinucleotide repeat disorders. We present the first crystal structures of RNA-PNA duplexes. They contain CUG repeats, relevant to myotonic dystrophy type I, and CAG repeats associated with poly-glutamine diseases. We also report the first PNA-PNA duplex containing mismatches. A comparison of the PNA homoduplex and the PNA-RNA heteroduplexes ...

DNA carries genetic information in its sequence of bases. Synthetic oligonucleotides that can sequence-specifically recognize a target gene sequence are a useful tool for regulating gene expression or detecting target genes. Among the many synthetic oligonucleotides, tail-clamp peptide nucleic acid (TC-PNA) offers advantages since it has two homopyrimidine PNA strands connected via a flexible e...

A significant number of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have peripheral blood involvement during the course of their disease. Because the expression of receptor for the lectin peanut agglutinin PNA by normal lymphocytes is associated with noncirculating (stationary phase) cells, we studied the relationship between PNA binding by lymphoma cells and the presence of clonal B cells in the bloo...

The Pacific North American (PNA) teleconnection has a strong influence on North American climate. Instrumental records and century-scale reconstructions indicate an accelerating tendency towards the positive PNA state since the mid-1850s, but much less is known about long-term PNA variability. Here we reconstruct PNA-like climate variability during the mid- and late Holocene using paired oxygen...

Within the framework of a Tyndall Centre research project, sea level and wave changes around the UK and in the North Sea have been analysed. This paper integrates the results of this project. Many aspects of the contribution of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to sea level and wave height have been resolved. The NAO is a major forcing parameter for sea-level variability. Strong positive res...