A number of secondary plant metabolites (e.g., flavonoids) possess antiviral/antimicrobial activity. Most flavonoids, however, are difficult to study, as they are immiscible in water-based systems. The relatively new semisynthetic α-glucosyl hesperitin (GH), and the natural plant product epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are unique among most flavonoids, as these flavonoids are highly soluble. Th...

OBJECTIVES To compare the response to ritonavir (RTV) plus saquinavir (SQV) with single protease inhibitor (PI) therapies among PI-naive HIV-1 infected individuals. METHODS Response to treatment was analysed according to the intent-to-treat principle in a prospective observational cohort study of 177 patients who between May 1995 and March 2000 started a double PI therapy with RTV and SQV (no...

OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women with the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has reduced the onset of uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and halted its progression to cervical carcinoma. We and others demonstrated that the HIV protease inhibitors (HIV-PIs) used in HAART can exert direct antitumour activities also in HIV...

Results Patient 1 is 57 year old HIV+ male (CDC C3), first diagnosed in 1990, who has been on various antiretroviral regimens since 1992. He presented with a VL of 72.551 copies/mL, 56 CD4 cells/mm and candida esophagitis. HAART was initiated with DRV/RTV 600/100 mg in combination with etravirine (ETR) and raltegravir (RAL). DRV and RAL tablets were crushed, ETR was suspended and ritonavir (RTV...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate whether low darunavir (DRV) minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) values contribute to virological outcomes during DRV/ritonavir monotherapy (mtDRV/rtv). METHODS This was a prospective observational single-arm 96-week efficacy study in virologically suppressed subjects on triple therapy switched to mtDRV/rtv (800/100 mg every 24 h). Previous virological f...

AIM The purpose of this study was to assess the difference of removal torque values (RTV) and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) between the sand-blasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) surface-treated and the machined surface (MA) miniscrews. MATERIAL AND METHODS Miniscrews used in this study were 6mm long with a diameter of 1.5mm. A total of 23 SLA miniscrews and 24 MA miniscrews were pla...

Transmissible vaccines have the potential to revolutionize infectious disease control by reducing the vaccination effort required to protect a population against a disease. Recent efforts to develop transmissible vaccines focus on recombinant transmissible vaccine designs (RTVs) because they pose reduced risk if intra-host evolution causes the vaccine to revert to its vector form. However, the ...

Salvage therapy with ritonavir (RTV) and saquinavir (SQV) failed to achieve virological and immunological improvement in 24 HIV-infected patients who discontinued triple therapy with RTV or indinavir (IDV) because of failure or intolerance to treatment. Changes in the HIV-1 protease gene sequence were analyzed prospectively in 14 patients. No primary protease mutation was found prior to the use...

BACKGROUND No large clinical end-point trials have been conducted comparing regimens among human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive persons starting antiretroviral therapy. We examined clinical progression according to initial regimen in the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, which is based on 12 European and North American cohort studies. METHODS We analyzed progression to deat...

Traffic conflicts among right-turn vehicles (RTVs), nonmotorized vehicles (NMVs) and pedestrians were examined for urban signalized intersections with exclusive right-turn lane. This study proposed an approach to dynamically calculate the duration of the prohibited right-turn for vehicles by using a measure called the Degree of Clustered Conflict (DCC). The process of DCC control includes: 1) q...