Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is caused most frequently by a bronchial carcinoid tumor or by small cell lung cancer. Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare etiology of ectopic ACTH syndrome. We describe a case of Cushing syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production from MTC in a 48-year-old male. He was diagnosed with MTC 14 years ago and underwent total thyroidectomy, cer...

Chapman’s paper, ‘‘Planning for Conjunctive Goals,’’ has been widely acknowledged for its contribution toward understanding the nature of partial-order planning, and it has been one of the bases of later work by others---but it is not free of problems. This paper addresses some problems involving modal truth and the Modal Truth Criterion (MTC). Our results are as follows: (i) Even though modal ...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy originating from the calcitonin-secreting parafollicular thyroid C cells. Approximately 75% of cases are sporadic. Rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene plays a crucial role in MTC development. Besides RET, other oncogenes commonly involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers have also been investigated in MTC. The family of ...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an uncommon malignancy of hereditary and sporadic presentation. Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of familial MTC and >50% of the sporadic cases. Currently, there is no effective treatment for recurrent or metastatic MTC. We report here a rapid response to a sorafenib (RET and RAF kinase and vascular endothelial growth fact...

Background. There is a current debate in the medical literature about plasma calcitonin screening in patients with nodular goiter (NG). We decided on analyzing our 20-year experience with patients in an iodine-deficient region (ID). Patients and Methods. 22,857 consecutive patients with NG underwent ultrasonography and aspiration cytology (FNAC). If FNAC raised suspicion of medullary cancer (MT...

BACKGROUND Provocative tests for calcitonin (CT) are fundamental in the diagnosis and follow-up of C-cell disease and in the detection of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) carriers with unknown RET mutations. A recent report has proposed omeprazole, which can increase endogenous gastrin (GT), as a new provocative test for MTC. METHODS We compared the omeprazole test (20 mg twice a ...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor derived from the thyroid C cells producing calcitonin. MTC accounts for 0.6% of all thyroid cancers and incidence of MTC increased steadily between 1997 and 2011 in Korea. It occurs either sporadically or in a hereditary form based on germline rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations. MTC can be cured only by complete resect...

Cell cycle checkpoints ensure orderly progression of events during cell division. A microtubule damage (MTD)-induced checkpoint has been described in G(1) phase of the cell cycle (G(1)MTC) for which little is known. The present study shows that the G(1)MTC is intact in activated T lymphocytes from mice with the p21(waf-1) gene deleted. However, p21(waf-1) gene deletion does affect the ratio of ...

Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is caused by germline mutations in the RET proto-oncogene, resulting in constitutive activation of the RET tyrosine kinase. A substantial proportion of sporadic MTCs also have RET mutations, making the RET tyrosine kinase a potential therapeutic target in MTC. We have established a transplantable MTC in nude mice from a sporadic human MTC carrying a ...

BACKGROUND The American Thyroid Association (ATA) and more recently the European Thyroid Association (ETA) Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have provided an excellent tool which was formerly lacking in the field of management of MTC. However, some relevant clinical questions, as the use of somatostatin analogues in the treatment of MTC and the managemen...