BACKGROUND Diarrhoeal diseases cause significant childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. The effectiveness of home management of diarrhoeal diseases is achievable only if caregivers have appropriate information despite varying recommendations on the strategies for diarrhoea therapy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate caregivers' perception and use of ORT fluids for management of diarrhoea in under-f...

Sugar-based oral rehydration therapy (ORT) for diarrhoea is promoted in many countries of the world. One programme in Bangladesh has instructed more than 13 million mothers in the preparation of a sugar-salt solution in the home; despite very high rates of correct mixing and knowledge, subsequent application was found in only some 20% of all diarrhoea episodes. Since rice is far more available ...

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to July 2010 in commercial broiler flocks in southern (n = 50) and northern (n = 50) areas of Jordan, to determine the flock-level prevalence of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) infections. Tracheal swabs were collected from commercial broilers with respiratory disease and tested by polymerase chain react...

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) is a bacterium associated with respiratory disease, growth retardation, decreased egg production and mortality in chickens and turkeys. The objective of this study was isolation, identification and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility of ORT bacterium in slaughtered broilers chicken flocks based on cultural and molecular tests in Khuzestan province, s...

We evaluate the e¤ects of a fundamental lever of constitutional design: the duration of public o¢ ce terms. We present a simple model grounded in interviews with legislators and highlight three forces shaping incentives to exert legislative e¤ort. We exploit two natural experiments in the Argentine Congress (where term lengths were assigned randomly) to ascertain which forces are empirically do...

India's National Program for Control of Diarrheal Diseases has established Diarrhea Training and Treatment Units (DTUs) to reduce diarrhea-related morbidity and mortality. The cost-effectiveness and impact of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) were evaluated prospectively in all children presenting to the DTU of I.G. Medical College (Shimla, India) in 1993-94. During the 2-year study period, a to...

Using experimental methods, this paper investigates the limits of communication and leadership in aiding group coordination in a minimum e ort game. Choosing the highest e ort is the payo dominant Nash equilibrium in this game, and communication and leadership are expected to help in coordinating on such an equilibrium. We consider an environment in which the bene ts of coordination are low com...

Aberrant conduction during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) can prolong the ventriculo-atrial time, which is found essential for reentry in certain situations. To investigate prevalence and different mechanism of aberrancy-dependent ORT. ORT cases relying on aberrancy from 220 our center were searched using following criteria: (1) Multiple episodes with aberrant ECG ; (2) No baseline...