Defeasible reasoning is a rule-based approach for efficient reasoning with incomplete and inconsistent information. Such reasoning is useful for many applications in the Semantic Web, such as policies and business rules, agent brokering and negotiation, ontology and knowledge merging, etc. However, the syntax of defeasible logic may appear too complex for many users. In this paper we present a ...

Non-monotonic reasoning constitutes an approach to reasoning with incomplete or changing information and is significantly more powerful than standard reasoning, which simply deals with universal statements. Defeasible reasoning, a member of the non-monotonic reasoning family, offers the extra capability of dealing with conflicting information and can represent facts, rules and priorities among ...

A combined structure-weight similarity approach for comparing directed (vertexand edge-)labeled (edge-) weighted graphs is presented. Vertex labels (as types) and edge labels (as attributes) embody semantic information. Edge weights express assessments regarding the (percentage-)relative importance of the attributes, a kind of pragmatic information. These graphs are uniformly represented and in...

The Semantic Web is a “living organism”, which combines autonomously evolving data sources/knowledge repositories. This dynamic character of the Semantic Web requires (declarative) languages and mechanisms for specifying its maintenance and evolution. For example, for changing the behaviour of a data source, so that a new rule becomes into effect, one should not be concerned with the complex, i...

In this paper we present R-DEVICE, a deductive rule language for reasoning about RDF metadata. R-DEVICE includes features such as normal and generalized path expressions, stratified negation, aggregate, grouping, and sorting, functions. The rule language supports a second-order syntax, where variables can range over classes and properties. Users can define views which are materialized and, opti...

Legal texts are the foundational resource where to discover rules and norms that feed into different concrete (often XML-based) Web applications. Legislative documents provide general norms and specific procedural rules for eGovernment and eCommerce environments, while contracts specify the conditions of services and business rules (e.g. service level agreements for cloud computing), and judgme...

SymposiumPlanner-2011 is the newest in a series of Rule Responder instantiations for the Questions&Answers (Q&A) sections of the o cial websites of the RuleML Symposia. It supports committee members via personal agents based on member-encoded rule knowledge. The personal agents are invoked by an organizational agent which selects them using a responsibility assignment matrix. This paper describ...

In this paper we introduce RML, which stands for Rule Markup Language and is used for rule–based transformations of XML. With RML the user can define XML wildcard elements, variables containing parts of the XML such as variables for element names or variables for lists of elements. Any XML vocabulary can be combined with RML to define transformations that can be performed by RML tools also disc...

In recent years, many geospatial data sets have become available on the Web. These data can be incorporated into real-world applications to answer advanced geospatial queries. In this paper, we present a use case to integrate a local data set with external geospatial data sets on the Web. The data sets are modeled in different paradigms – relational and object-centered. The integration uses Pos...

پژوهش حاضر به بررسی این مسأله می‌پردازد که چگونه نوعِ متد آموزشی می‌تواند بر میزان اضطراب زبانی دانشجویان زبان‌های خارجی تأثیر بگذارد. یک گروه 40 نفره از دختر و پسر در سطح پیش‌دانشگاهی به‌عنوان جامعه آماری انتخاب شدند. آموزش زبان فرانسه دو هفته‌ی اول، طریق گرامر-ترجمه انجام شد. پایان هفته تست تعیین مقیاس کلاس خارجی: FLCAS، بعمل آمد. دوم نوع رویکرد کنشی تغییر یافت. پس مجدداً فراگیران نتایج حاصله ن...