Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) have been used to detect QTLs underlying complex traits in major crops. In this study, we collected 218 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines including wild barley and cultivated barley from China, Canada, Australia, and Europe. A total of 408 polymorphic markers were used for population structure and LD analysis. GWAS for ...

H blood. Increased percentages of OKT8 cytotoxic/ suppressor cells were observed in untreated, nonreactional lepromatous patients. Conversely, lepromatous patients suffering from erythema nodosum leprosum, an Aithus-like phenomenon, exhibited a transient drop in the percentage of OKT8" cells with a correlative increase in the proliferative response to Tcell mitogens. We studied the proliferativ...

A typical plant genome-wide association study (GWAS) uses a mixed linear model (MLM) that includes a trait as the response variable, a marker as an explanatory variable, and fixed and random effect covariates accounting for population structure and relatedness. Although effective in controlling for false positive signals, this model typically fails to detect signals that are correlated with pop...

The p21 region of human chromosome 9 is thought to contain a gene (MLM) involved in genetic susceptibility to melanoma and a gene or genes that influence progression of certain other tumors. Genomic clones that span a large region in 9p21 surrounding the presumptive tumor suppressor gene(s) have been isolated. A set of sequence-tagged sites in this region has been developed. By using these mark...

Neutrino masses and mixings are investigated on the basis of a universal seesaw mass matrix model, in which quark (except for top) and charged lepton mass matrices Mf and neutrino mass matrix Mν are given by Mf ≃ mLM F mR and Mν ≃ mLM F mL (F = N), respectively. For a simple model which can successfully describe quark masses and mixings, we find that the observed neutrino data (except for the s...

The synthesis of the new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with 1-methyllumazine (1-methylpteridine2,4(1H ,3H )-dione, MLM) and 1,6,7-trymethyllumazine (1,6,7-trimethylpteridine-2,4(1H ,3H )-dione, MLMD) is described. The coordination chemistry of these ligands have been investigated and an usual bidentate bonding mode through the N5 and O4 atoms is observed. These com...

A formal specification of a multi-level marketing (MLM) business is presented. Specifying a MLM business boils down to specifying properties of and operations on mathematical forests and trees. The usefulness of the model-based specification language, Z, is investigated as a vehicle for a formal specification of these recursive structures. The specification is presented following a prescribed f...

Estimation of Maximum Flood Discharge (MFD) for a given return period is important for planning, design and management of hydraulic structures for the project. This can be achieved through Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA) by fitting of probability distributions to the recorded Annual Maximum Discharge (AMD) data. In this paper, Gamma and Extreme Value family of probability distributions are adopt...

This paper builds on previous regression-based approaches that endeavour to account for spatial effects underlying differences in vehicle kilometres of travel (VKT) by private vehicle. A multilevel modelling (MLM) approach is developed with the intent of isolating the variability in VKT attributable to various levels of geographic aggregation. The approach is applied to the prediction of VKT fo...