Background and Objectives This article analyses the approach of identifying critical traceability events (CTE) corresponding key data elements (KDE). The CTE–KDE is evidence-based that identifies, documents activities. It can be easily performed by (i) auditors; (ii) food manufacturers/processors; (iii) suppliers to access gaps in process supply chain. For example, for a grain processor storage...

When highly-accurate and/or assumption-free density estimation is needed, nonpara-metric methods are often called upon-most notably the popular kernel density estimation (KDE) method. However, the practitioner is instantly faced with the formidable computational cost of KDE for appreciable dataset sizes, which becomes even more prohibitive when many models with diierent kernel scales (bandwidth...

BACKGROUND The detection of change in magnitude of directional coupling between two non-linear time series is a common subject of interest in the biomedical domain, including studies involving the respiratory chemoreflex system. Although transfer entropy is a useful tool in this avenue, no study to date has investigated how different transfer entropy estimation methods perform in typical biomed...

Mike Parker Pearson1, Joshua Pollard2, Colin Richards3, Julian Thomas3, Chris Tilley4 and Kate Welham5 1 Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield< 2 Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, [email protected]< 3 School of Arts, Histories and Cultures, University of Manchester< 4 Department of Anthropology, University College London< 5 School of Co...

Age structure data is essential for single species stock assessments but length-frequency data can provide complementary information. In south-western Australia, the majority of these data for exploited species are derived from line caught fish. However, baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVS) surveys have also been found to provide accurate length measurements. Given that ...

We present a novel nonparametric adaptive partitioning and stitching (NAPS) algorithm to estimate probability density function (PDF) of single variable. Sampled data is partitioned into blocks using branching tree that minimizes deviations from uniform within various sample sizes arranged in staggered format. The block are constructed balance the load parallel computing as PDF for each independ...

In a world that is flat, where all clients and providers can easily transact with one another, offshoring represents the proposition that information technology providers from lowwage nations can now underbid providers from high-wage nations and win contracts. We examined a particularly flat “world”—an online programming marketplace—and found that this profound tilt to low-wage nations is overs...