The role of erythropoietin (EP) in polycythemia vera (PV) is controversial, with some experiments suggesting that erythroid progenitors in PV are exquisitely sensitive to EP and EP dependent, and others suggesting that PV progenitors are EP independent. We have examined the characteristics of the EP receptor (EP-R) on erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFC) from patients with PV. In contrast to n...

A thin film of epinephrine (EP) was electrochemically deposited on the surface of glassy carbon electrode previously activated in NaHCO3 solution. The cyclic voltammograms of the modified electrode indicate that the surface confined EP are strongly dependent on the solution pH, as expected for quinone/hydroquinone functionalities. The EP-modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of plane of nutrition during early and mid-pregnancy on the performance of mature ewes and their offspring. From day 0 to day 39 post mating (early pregnancy, EP), 82 multiparous ewes were fed to provide either 60% (low, L), 100% (medium, M) or 200% (high, H) of predicted metabolisable energy (ME) requirements for maintenance, following a...

Background: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is a complication of conception in which the embryo implants outside of uterine cavity. The increasing incidence of serious maternal morbidity resulting from EP has prompted the search for biomarkers to aid in early diagnosis and take advantage of conservative treatments. One of the effective biomarkers in EP is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF ...

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic growth factor that is produced by different tissues, including the endometrium and ovary. VEGF is involved in many processes related to reproductive physiology, including angiogenesis, which is essential for implantation and placentation. It has been suggested that VEGF may be the angiogenic factor responsible for the implan...

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form the major family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are involved in the innate immunity. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. In human, 10 members of this family have been identified so far. Among these TLRs, TLR3, 7, 8 and 9 designed to recognize nucleic acids and expresse...

Background: The presence of immune system within the female reproductive tract is increasingly being recognized as an important element for maintaining host protection and promoting reproductive functions. The Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) family plays an important role in innate immune responses against microbial pathogens within the genital tract. These receptors recognize distinct pathogen-asso...

ectopic pregnancy (ep) is a potentially life-threatening condition in which the embryo implants outside the uterine endometrial cavity. abdominal pregnancy is an atypical site wherein the product of conception lies totally outside the reproductive tract. primary abdominal pregnancy is a very rare condition with a high mortality rate. diagnosis is often late or misdiagnosed. the aim of introduci...

Prostaglandin (PG)E derivatives are widely used for treating gastric mucosal injury. PGE receptors are classified into four subtypes, EP(1), EP(2), EP(3), and EP(4). We have tested which EP receptor subtypes participate in gastric mucosal protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury and clarified the mechanisms of such protection. The gastric mucosa of anesthetized rats was perfuse...