ranched pathway for the biosynthesis of threonine and methionine in T:fai, as described by BLACK and WRIGHT (1955 a,b,c), includes three steps leading to the common precursor homoserine: I. Aspartokinase ATP : L-aspartate 4phosphotransferase-2.7.2.4: ATP + L-aspartate e ADP + 4 phospho-L-aspartate (Asp-PO,) 11. Aspartate semialdehyde (ASA) dehydrogenase L-aspartate p-semialdehyde : NADP oxidore...

NADP-dependent enzymes are important in many biocatalytic processes to generate high-value chemicals for the pharmaceutical and food industry; hence, a costeffective, efficient, and environmentally friendly recycling system for the relatively expensive and only marginally stable enzyme cofactor NADP offers significant benefits. NADP regeneration schemes have previously been described, but their...

The activity and presence of isoforms of NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME, EC 1.1.1.40) were studied in non-transgenic and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants containing potyviral gene for helper component protease (HC-pro) and in plants infected by Potato virus Y strain NTN (PVY(NTN)). No significant changes in enzyme activities and isoenzyme pattern were observed due to foreign gene i...

Light-induced swelling of guard cell protoplasts (GCP) from Vicia faba was accompanied by increases in content of K(+) and malate. DCMU inhibited the increase of K(+) and malate, and consequently swelling.Effect of light on the activity of selected enzymes that take part in malate formation was studied. When isolated GCP were illuminated, NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) was activated, and ...

Bifidobacterium longum is a very important gram-positive non-pathogenic bacterium in the human gastrointestinal tract for keeping the digestive and immune system healthy. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) from B. longum (BlIDH), a novel member in Type II subfamily, was overexpressed, purified and biochemically characterized in detail. The active form of BlIDH was an 83-kDa homodimer. Kinetic analy...

To improve the efficiency of CO(2) fixation in C(3) photosynthesis, C(4)-cycle genes were overexpressed in potato and tobacco plants either individually or in combination. Overexpression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene (ppc) from Corynebacterium glutamicum (cppc) or from potato (stppc, deprived of the phosphorylation site) in potato resulted in a 3-6-fold induction of endogen...

Candida utilis CBS 621 was grown in chemostat cultures at D = 0.1 h-1 on glucose, xylose, gluconate, acetate, or ethanol as the growth-limiting substrate with ammonia or nitrate as the nitrogen source and analysed for NADPH-producing and NADPH-consuming enzyme activities. Nitrate and nitrite reductases were strictly NADPH-dependent. For all carbon sources, growth with nitrate resulted in elevat...

Nitrogen (N) deficiency affects plant growth and crop yield. In this study, we investigated the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in response to N availability three soybean cultivars, JINDOU 19 (JD19), LONGHUANG 3 (LH3), LONGDOU 2 (LD2), that have different tolerances low-N stress. The results showed leaf area primary root length JD19 LH3 were greater than LD2 under stress, sug...