The aim of the study is the application and validation of an adjoint based data assimilation method for the determination of timedependent pressure fields from velocity data obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV). The method is based on the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations. No additional constraints like incompressibility or adiabatic flow conditions are necessary. The technique ...

The complete nucleotide sequences of the matrix protein (M) genes of parainfluenza virus types 4A and 4B (PIV-4A and -4B) were determined from cDNA of the mRNA, and found to be 1548 bases in length, exclusive of poly(A) sequences. The sequences contained a large open reading frame of 1146 nucleotides encoding 362 amino acids. A high degree of identity (96.1%) was observed between the amino acid...

This chapter describes the development of a new time resolved 3D PIV technique for near wall flow field measurements. This measurement technique, called wall-PIV, is based on Beer-Lambert’s law. It substitutes the classical PIV laser sheet by a diffuse, monochromatic full-field illumination that is limited to the near wall region by an absorbing molecular dye in the fluid. Aimed range of applic...

AIM Pediatric inflammatory vulvitis (PIV) is clinically characterized by itching, soreness and inflammation and can be due to both an infective process and a non-specific irritative process, especially in atopic patients. Sometimes these non-specific PIVs, that tend to be recurrent, can be overinfected, with exacerbation of the clinical features. The importance of the cleansers, emollients, and...

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements for six separate flow bypass ratio five nozzle configurations have recently been obtained in the NASA Langley Jet Noise Laboratory. The six configurations include a baseline configuration with round core and fan nozzles, an eight-chevron core nozzle at two different clocking positions, and repeats of these configurations with a pylon included. One r...

Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is an optical technique used to measure the velocity of seeded particles in real flow. A CCD camera captures the flow field twice under exposure to a short duration laser flash. Recorded image pairs are cross-correlated to extract velocity information from these records. Time resolved PIV technology can capture images with some hundreds of frames per sec...

in this work, result of experimental investigation on interaction of fuel spray generated by a swirled type injector, with air motion in a prototype cylinder are presented. experiments were carried out by planar imaging and particle image velocimetry (piv) techniques in order to provide information about the spray structure evolution and instantaneous velocity distribution of air motion and fue...

Pressure-induced vasodilation (PIV) is a mechanism whereby skin blood flow increases in response to progressive locally applied pressure. Skin blood flow in response to applied pressure decreased early in diabetic patients as a result of vascular and/or neural impairment. This study was designed to determine the effect of vascular changes on PIV in 1-week streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. W...

Velocity gradient is typically estimated in Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) by differentiating a measured velocity field, which amplifies noise in the measured velocities. If gradients near a boundary are sought, such noise is usually greater than in bulk fluid, because of small tracer displacement, uncertainty in the effective positions of velocity vectors, intense deformation of tracer patte...

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is now applied with confidence in industrial facilities such as large wind tunnels, yielding data not possible before. Despite the difficulties that arise in such environments, the conventional PIV methods can provide high quality data, especially when dealing with spatial and temporal slowly varying values of the flow magnitudes. Obtaining highly spatially reso...