Procedural sedation and analgesia is one of the common clinical practices in the emergency department. The level of sedation must be adjusted in such a way that it allows patient to tolerate unpleasant procedures while maintaining normal physiologic reflexes and consciousness and able to understand and respond to verbal or light tactile stimulus. Although drugs used for procedural sedation has ...

INRODUCTION Bispectral Index is an objective tool to assess electroencephalographic activity and measure the effect of certain sedatives and hypnotics on the brain. In addition, there are certain subjective tools such as the observer's assessment of alertness and sedation which are used. The correlation between BIS and the concentration of propofol in the brain, and the relationship between the...

Background Identifying risk factors for unplanned extubation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation can help guide prevention strategies. Objective To assess the risk of unplanned extubation with different sedation strategies. Methods A 36-month quality improvement study in a 33-bed intensive care unit at a tertiary-care center. Results A total of 92 unplanned extubations occurred (7.5 ev...

Dental treatment under sedation requires various sedation depths depending on the invasiveness of the procedure and patient drug sensitivity. Inappropriate sedation depth may cause patient discomfort or endangerment. For these reasons, patient-controlled sedation (PCS) pumps are commonly used. Patients are able to control the sedation depths themselves by pushing the demand button after the pra...

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BACKGROUND Deep sedation or general anesthesia is generally used during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. The aim of this study was to report the safety and feasibility of minimal sedation during AF ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS One thousand and fifty-two AF ablation procedures in 819 patients (62 ± 11 years, 621 men, 506 paroxysmal) were included. Boluses of intravenous hydroxyzine pamoate ...

safe and effective sedation methods are as much important for small pet birds as for the other animals not only for surgical procedures but also for safe handling and diagnostic and clinical procedures such as radiography, wound dressing, blood collection, endoscopy and fracture repair procedures. the aim of this study is comparison of sedation efficacy in intranasal administration of xylazine,...

ONE of the dilemmas faced by any caregiver providing sedation or anesthesia is the question, When is it safe to send the child home? Most sedation guidelines suggest that the patient should be returned to their baseline status before discharge. In this issue of the Journal, Malviya et al. describe a simple but elegant means for assessing the street readiness of infants sedated with chloral hydr...

OBJECTIVES This study compared intranasal midazolam (INM) with a combination of intravenous ketamine and intravenous midazolam (IVKM) for sedation of children requiring minor procedures in the emergency department. METHOD A single blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted in the emergency department of a major urban paediatric hospital. Subjects requiring sedation for minor procedures w...

Methods. After spinal anaesthesia, sedation was achieved using a propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) system to achieve a score of 4 on the Wilson sedation scale. The excitability of spinal motor neurones was determined by measuring the left median nerve F wave. F-wave persistence and the F/M ratio were recorded at pre-sedation as the control, during sedation, at arousal by mild physical s...