INTRODUCTION While opioids are effective in carefully selected patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP), they are associated with potential risks. Therefore, treatment recommendations for the safe and effective use of opioids in this patient population are needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multidisciplinary expert panel was convened by the Pain Association of Singapore to develop practical ...

It has now been demonstrated that the μ, δ1 , δ2 , and κ1 opioid receptor (OR) agonists represent the most promising group of opioids for the creation of drugs enhancing cardiac tolerance to the detrimental effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Opioids are able to prevent necrosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during I/R and improve cardiac contractility in the reperfusion period. The OR ago...

Opioids have been used medicinally for millennia for their potent effects on nociception. However, the past 20 years have led to important insights into the influences and mechanisms of opioid actions, which are more extensive than merely analgesia, including human synthesis of opioids, critical roles of opioids during development and following nerve injury, and actions of different opiate alka...

BACKGROUND There has been an increase in overdose deaths and emergency department visits (EDVs) involving use of prescription opioids, but the association between opioid prescribing and adverse outcomes is unclear. METHODS Data were obtained from administrative claim records from Arkansas Medicaid and HealthCore commercially insured enrollees, 18 years and older, who used prescription opioids...

Parenteral opioids are commonly used for labor pain relief and have been the subject of research for many years. The objectives of this review were to determine the safety and effectiveness of parenteral opioids in this context. Of 85 trials systematically reviewed, 48 comprising more than 9800 were included, but the number of trials contributing data to individual outcome measures is very limi...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relative benefits and disadvantages of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids for the management of acute renal colic. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Renal Group's specialised register, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Medline, Embase, and reference lists of retrieved articles. REVIEW METHODS Randomised controlled trials comparing any opioi...

Veterans, cancer patients and those in palliative care often suffer from chronic pain due injuries or complications their disease. Often is managed by either opioids, epidural steroid injection, invasive spinal taps, pumps, which involve difficult surgical procedures. Opioids, are not only addictive but like these therapies, produce temporary expensive remedies.

background substance use and affective disorders frequently co-occur, but the role of affective dysregulation in addiction is often overlooked. there is evidence shows that substance – dependent individuals have more problems in regulating their emotions. objectives this study compared two commonly used emotional regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and suppression, in opioids and metha...

Opioid analgesics are the most potent pain medications therefore they are often used for the treatment of chronic malignant and non-malignant pain. Their strong addictive potential requires close monitoring of patients on opioid therapy for possible non-compliance with prescriptions, for drug diversion, and for proof of avoidance of non-prescribed or illicit opioids. Monitoring can be performed...

BACKGROUND Chronic joint pain is common and is a leading cause of disability. Most chronic joint pain is managed in primary care. Opioid pain medication is one option for pain management, but research suggests that its use by general practitioners (GPs) may be suboptimal. There is a widespread perception that doctors' concerns about misuse and addiction limit use of opioids. OBJECTIVES To exp...