Assuming the existence of tick parasitism in humans in the State of Pará, an aggregate observational study was developed along a transversal line in three cities of the State, during two years. Interviews and examinations of 2,160 townspeople and tourists were carried out, without discrimination of ethnic, sex, age, or social status, and classified for effects analyzed for four bands of age, si...

Relapsing fever is caused by the Borrelia species of spirochetes. Louse-borne epidemics of the disease may happen but the endemic disease is generally transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick (Ornithodorus). Clinical and laboratory findings of tick-borne relapsing fever in children in the north-west of Iran, Qazvin, were evaluated. This study was conducted from September 1992 to Se...

During their feeding process, dung beetles perform a series of ecosystem functions that provide valuable services, such as soil fertilization, improvement properties, plant growth enhancement, and biological pest control. However, in the grasslands Central Asian dry steppe, effects on removal remain almost unstudied. Here, we examined by different beetle species (Colobterus erraticus (Linnaeus,...

3. Department of Health. United Kingdom. Chapter 25: pneumococcal. In: Immunisation against infectious diseases—‘The green book’. 2006 [cited 2011 Nov 11]. http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/GreenBook/GreenBookGeneralInformation/ GreenBookGeneralArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ ID=4097254&chk=isTfGX) 4. Borrow R, Stanford E, Waight P, Helbert M, Balmer P, Warrington R, et al...