After a brief introduction to Humanitarian Demining we will review the basic principles of the electromagnetic detection of metallic objects, especially induction devices (“metal detectors”), and see how they are applied in Humanitarian Demining and Civil Engineering, with emphasis on visualization techniques. We will then report on tests of a commercial “imaging metal detector” aimed at trying...

Honeybees offer the potential of using free-flying organisms to search wide areas for the presence of explosives, unexploded ordnance (UXO), and landmines. The use of bees is analogous to dogs for mine clearance, except that a colony of tens of thousands of bees can be trained in about one hour to fly over and search a field for explosives, does not require a leash, and will not set off any min...

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This effort has examined the problem of detection and classification of buried munitions in underwater environments. We have focused on the use of low frequency sonar since high frequency acoustic waves are strongly attenuated by sediments. The focus of this effort has been to process low-frequency data collected from the Buried Object Scanning Sonar (BOSS) into 3D imagery using beamforming, an...

Laos is a small country about the size of Utah. A Lao physician jokingly told me with a sad smile that "Americans thought Laos was a part of Vietnam during the war." The war in Laos was, however, an intentional secret war. The number of bombs dropped during the Vietnam War was greater than the bombs dropped in Europe during World War II. This bombing, which left an enormous number ofUXOs (unexp...

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing, in both frequency and time domains, is emerging as one of the most promising remote sensing technologies for detection and discrimination of buried metallic objects, particularly unexploded ordinance (UXO). UXO sites are highly contaminated with metallic clutter so that the major problem is discrimination not detection. This requires high fidelity forwar...

Several experimental time-domain EM induction instruments have recently been developed for unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection and characterization that use multiple transmitting and receiving coil combinations. One such system, the US Geological Survey’s ALLTEM system, is unique in that it measures both the electrodynamic response (i.e., induced eddy currents) and the magneto-static response (...