The vertebrate retina is a distinctly laminar structure. Functionally, the inner plexiform layer, in which bipolar cells synapse onto amacrine and ganglion cells, is subdivided into two sublaminae. Cells that depolarize at light offset ramify in sublamina a; those that depolarize at light onset ramify in sublamina b. The separation of ON and OFF pathways appears to be a fundamental principle of...

Simulations of the jetting of Newtonian fluids from drop-ondemand print heads show that the radial jet pinch-off region, which may lie inside the nozzle, is strongly affected by the fluid viscosity over the range of values that are commonly used. Jet profiles beyond the nozzle exit predicted in these simulations match previously published high resolution images very well and validate the code u...

In the United States, influenza season typically begins in October or November, peaks in February, and tapers off in April. During the winter holiday break, from the end of December to the beginning of January, changes in social mixing patterns, healthcare-seeking behaviors, and surveillance reporting could affect influenza-like illness (ILI) rates. We compared predicted with observed weekly IL...

Marital discord is costly to children, families, and communities. The advent of the Internet, social networking, and on-line dating has affected how people meet future spouses, but little is known about the prevalence or outcomes of these marriages or the demographics of those involved. We addressed these questions in a nationally representative sample of 19,131 respondents who married between ...

This article examines the relationship between inflation and inflation uncertainty in the Turkish economy in this period 2004:01-2014:12. This relationship is explored in two ways: a) with the effect of structural breaks; b) without the effect of structural breaks. In fact, with regard to the main structural break have occurred over this period, we examine whether structural break has affected ...

to evaluate off-label and off-nccn guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs in a major chinese hospital.totally 1122 patients were selected from july to december 2011. then, the off-label and off-nccn guidelines uses of antineoplastic drugs were analyzed.in 798 of 1122 patients (71.12%), drugs were used for off-label. in 317 of 1122 patients (28.25%), the drugs were prescribed for off-label and ...

Security and privacy issues remains a major hurdle in wide deployment of biometric based authentication system. For example, unauthorized access or regeneration of face templates has serious implications on the privacy of the concerned users. For robust and practical implementation of such system it is necessary to identify and explore the possible ways by which reconstruction of template is fe...

Stationary symmetrical fish keratocyte cells break symmetry and become motile spontaneously but slowly. We found that applying electric field (EF) accelerates the polarization by an order of magnitude. While spontaneously polarized cells move persistently for hours, the EF-induced polarity is lost in a majority of cells when the EF is switched off. However, if the EF is applied for a long time ...

We report a novel strategy for the regulation of charge transport through single molecule junctions via the combination of external stimuli of electrode potential, internal modulation of molecular structures, and optimization of anchoring groups. We have designed redox-active benzodifuran (BDF) compounds as functional electronic units to fabricate metal-molecule-metal (m-M-m) junction devices b...