For a given closed oriented surface Σ, we introduce chord index homomorphism from subgroup of H1(Σ,Z) to the group indices knot K in Σ×I. Some invariants derived this are discussed.

In this paper, we investigate those positive integers n for which the equality σ(φ(n)) = σ(n) holds, where σ is the sum of the divisors function and φ is the Euler function.

In this study, the impact of negative capacitance (NC) effect on process-induced variations, such as work function variation (WFV), random dopant fluctuation (RDF), and line edge roughness (LER), was investigated compared to those baseline junctionless nanowire FET (JL-NWFET) in both linear (Vds = 0.05 V) saturation 0.5 modes. Sentaurus TCAD MATLAB were used for simulation JL-NWFET (NC-JL-NWFET...