A principal decay mode considered for the measurement of the angle α, is B d(t) → ππ. Unfortunately, this mode suffers from a well-known problem: penguin contributions may be large [2], and their presence will spoil the clean extraction of α. In the presence of penguin amplitudes, the CP asymmetry in B d(t) → ππ does not measure sin 2α, but rather some effective (“polluted”) angle 2αeff . We ma...

We derive model independent lower bounds on the CKM parameters (1− ρ̄) and η̄ as functions of the mixing-induced CP asymmetry S in B → ππ and sin 2β fromB → ψKS. The bounds do not depend on specific results of theoretical calculations for the penguin contribution to B → ππ. They require only the very conservative condition that a hadronic phase, which vanishes in the heavy-quark limit, does not e...

Measurements of the time-dependent CP asymmetry in the decay B d(t) → ππ and its charge conjugate by the BELLE and BABAR collaborations currently yield C ππ = −0.46 ± 0.13 and S ππ = −0.74 ± 0.16, characterizing the direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetries, respectively. We study the implication of these measurements on the CKM phenomenology taking into account the available information in the ...

The large ratio of color-suppressed tree amplitude to color-allowed one in B → ππ decays is difficult to understand within the Standard Model, which is known as the “B → ππ puzzle”. The two tree diagrams contain the upand charm-quark component of penguin amplitude, Puc, which cannot be separated by measuring B → ππ decays alone. We show that the measurements of the branching ratio and direct CP...

The decays Bd → ππ and Bs → KK provide an interesting strategy to extract the CKM angle γ at “second-generation” B-physics experiments of the LHC era. A variant for “first-generation” experiments can be obtained, if Bs → KK is replaced by Bd → πK. We show that the most recent experimental results for the CP-averaged Bd → ππ and Bd → πK branching ratios imply a rather restricted range for the co...

The large ratio of color-suppressed tree amplitude to color-allowed one in B → ππ decays is difficult to understand within the Standard Model, which is known as the “B → ππ puzzle”. The two tree diagrams contain the upand charm-quark component of penguin amplitude, Puc, which cannot be separated by measuring B → ππ decays alone. We show that the measurements of the branching ratio and direct CP...

We determine the mass and strength of the scalar meson from NN scattering data by renormalizing the One Boson Exchange Potential. This procedure provides a great insensitivity to the unknown short distance interaction making the vector mesons marginally important allowing for SU(3) couplings in the S0 channel. The scalar meson parameters are tightly constrained by low energy np. We discuss whet...

This talk contains a short overview of the history of the interplay of the weak and the strong interaction and CP -violation. It describes the phenomenology and the basic physics mechanisms involved in the Standard Model calculations of K → ππ decays with an emphasis on the evaluation of Penguin operator matrix-elements. a Presented at the Symposium and Workshop ”Continuous Advances in QCD 2002...