conclusion: in this study group, tnf-α -238 polymorphism was shown to be different in preeclamptic and non-preeclamptic pregnant women. the aa genotype and the a allele may carry an increased risk for developing of preeclampsia. results: there were significant differences between the two groups in tnf-α genotype at position -238 (p < 0.001). in the preeclamptic group, the frequency of the aa ge...

Serum level of the N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is an important factor in pregnancy-induced hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum NT-proBNP level in pregnant hypertensive patients with retinopathy. Patients divided into gestational hypertension, mild preeclampsia, and serious preeclampsia groups un...

Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication globally, characterized by poor placentation triggering vascular dysfunction. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit proteolytic activity implicated in the efficiency of trophoblast invasion to the uterine wall, and a dysregulation of these enzymes has been linked to preeclampsia. A decrease in MMP-2 and MMP-9 interferes with the normal remodeli...

context: normal pregnancy is associated with sodium and water retention, which results in plasma volume expansion prior to placental implantation. the explanation offered for these events is that pregnancy ‘resets’ both volume and osmoreceptors. evidence acquisition: the mechanisms for such an enigmatic ‘resetting’ in pregnancy have not previously been explained. however, recent human pregnancy...

17-α hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) could alter the immune response and inflammation, specifically affecting risk of preterm labor preeclampsia. However, exact inflammatory effects 17-OHPC remain hard to be identified. The current literature on is limited more research needed identify these mechanistic pathways. Further, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy involve...

15 Preeclampsia, CPAP & Sleep Disordered Breathing—Blyton et al INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is an important and common complication of pregnancy, characterized by the onset of hypertension after 20 weeks gestation with accompanying proteinuria, affecting approximately 5% of pregnancies. It is a major cause of maternal mortality and a risk factor for fetal growth restriction.1 Women with preeclamp...

Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow increase by 40 to 65 and 50 to 85%, respectively, during normal pregnancy in women. Studies using the gravid rat as a model have greatly enhanced our understanding of mechanisms underlying these remarkable changes in the renal circulation during gestation. Hyperfiltration is largely due to increased renal plasma flow, the latter attributable to p...

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder unique to human pregnancy that can result in significant morbidity and mortality for mother and fetus. While the etiology of preeclampsia is unknown, the placenta in general and trophoblast in particular is a prerequisite for the disease. We overview normal development of the human placenta, describe the role of hypoxia and other insults in placental inju...

Cushing s syndrome in pregnant women is rare and difficult to be diagnosed because of the syndrome's association with oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and the changes in cortisol metabolism during normal pregnancy. Cushing syndrome in pregnancy is usually confused with complicated pregnancy, such as preeclampsia or gestational diabetes, and its rarity leads to a low degree of clinical suspicion, o...

Introduction: Pregnancy poisoning or preeclampsia is a serious and specific disorder of pregnancy that affects 8% of the pregnant women. Similar studies conducted in this regard showed disagreements about the association between the vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia. Hence, due to different results and limited sشtudies in this area, the present study was conducted to evaluate the serum leve...