Omidi, Zeynab

[ 1 ] - The mechanism of Umayyad authorization in the beginning of Islam with emphasis on the role of the four geniuses

The transformation of the Islamic caliphate to the Umayyad dynasty took place in a short time after the death of Prophet Mohammad. This transformation became the source of many questions and reflections, especially since those who led such a change were Islam’s antagonists in the early years of prophecy and the rise of Islamic rule. Although, the role of the deep-rooted tradition of tribalism a...