D. Yu

[ 1 ] - Substance P as a potential biomarker of pain assessment in dogs

Background: Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that functions as a neuromodulator. It is released mainly in the brain stem and in nerve endings. Aims: The present study aimed to provide fundamental data that may be applied to the assessment of pain in dogs by evaluating their serum SP concentrations. Methods: Two groups of dogs were designated ...