Ramesh Bhat. Y

[ 1 ] - Association of VACTERL with truncus arteriosus, left-sided aortic arch, hypoplastic pulmonary arteries, and severe radial axis defect

Background: VACTERL association is usually a sporadic disorder, the possible etiologies of which have been proposed as familial as well as multiple genetic and environmental factors. VACTERL association usually consists of at least three of the core features of vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheoesophageal fistula, renal anomalies, and limb abnormalities. Vertebral anomali...