The role of some nutritional supplements in the management of multiple sclerosis: a narrative review

Background and aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology and complex pathogenesis, characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal loss. The incidence and prevalence of MS is increasing in developed and developing countries. Some symptoms of the disease include movement disorders, sensory problems, and visual disturbances. The etiology of MS is not completely known; However, environmental factors such as nutrition, physical inactivity, smoking and low vitamin D levels may play a role. Studies show that  MS patients are at risk for malnutrition and reduced micronutrient intake due to inactivity, anorexia, depression, and side effects of medications. Many studies have studied the effects of nutrients and dietary patterns in patients with MS, though, the role of diet and nutrients in disease progression is poorly understood. Considering the importance of the role of nutrition in the prevention and management of MS, this study aimed to review the role of nutritional supplements in the management of multiple sclerosis. Results: The results of this narrative review showed that some nutrients such as vitamin D, vitamin A, biotin, as well as coenzyme (Q10), omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and probiotics may lead to the improvement of disability, fatigue and depression, as well as reducing progress and relapse in MS patients. Conclusion: An appropriate nutritional intervention or adherence to a healthy diet may improve the symptoms and severity of MS and be considered as a possible complementry therapy. There is a need for more interventional studies with a larger sample size and longer duration in this field.